冯昊 孙强 赵品绩 孙秀山 王才斌 于天一

摘要：大田条件下，研究了石灰氮与普通氮肥不同配比对连作花生出苗率、茎腐病发生、主要农艺性状及产量和品质的影响。结果表明：①本试验用量范围内，低、中量（225 kg/hm2和450 kg/hm2）石灰氮处理的花生出苗率略高于高用量（675 kg/hm2）处理，但处理间差异未达显著水平。②随石灰氮用量增加，花生茎腐病病情指数降低，防效提高，低、中、高3个用量平均病情指数分别比对照降低8.4、12.7、15.5个百分点，平均防效分别达24.7%、37.3%和45.4%。③石灰氮与氮肥配施对叶龄数、主茎高、侧枝长等农艺性状有一定促进作用，但只有部分达到显著水平。④荚果产量随石灰氮用量的增加而增加，低、中、高3个用量分别增产9.6%、11.8%和13.6%；普通氮肥增产率远低于石灰氮；所有处理中以石灰氮和普通氮肥高量组合（675 kg/hm2+90 kg/hm2）增产效果最好，高达15.2%。

关键词：花生；石灰氮；连作；茎腐病；产量；品质

中图分类号：S565.206.2文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2018）06-0140-05

Abstract A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of combined application of calcium cyanamide and nitrogen fertilizer on emergence rate， stem rot， main agronomic characters， yield and quality of continuous cropping peanut. The results were as follows. ①The emergence rate of low and medium application rate of calcium cyanamide were a little more than those of high application rate treatment. But no significant difference was found among all treatments. ②The disease index of stem rot decreased and the control effect raised with the increase of calcium cyanamide application rate. Compared to control， the average disease index of calcium cyanamide treatments with low， medium and high rate decreased by 8.4， 12.7 and 15.5 percent points， and the average control effect reached 24.7%， 37.3% and 45.4%. ③Combined applying calcium cyanamide and nitrogen fertilizer had certain promotion effects on some agronomic characters， including leaf age， main stem height， branch length and so on. But significant differences were found only among some treatments. ④Pod yield increased with the increase of calcium cyanamide rate， which increased by 9.5%， 11.8% and 13.6% under low， medium and high calcium cyanamide application rate compared to control， respectively. The yield increasing rate of normal nitrogen fertilizer was far below that of calcium cyanamide. The yield-increasing effect of combined applying calcium cyanamide and nitrogen fertilizer at high rate was the best as 15.2%.

Keywords Peanut； Calcium cyanamide； Continuous cropping； Stem rot； Yield； Quality

花生（Arachis hypogaea L.）是我國主要的油料作物、经济作物和出口创汇作物，在保障食用油安全、增加农民收入和促进国际贸易等方面具有重要作用。山东是我国花生生产大省，由于面积大，产区集中，连作面积常年占全省花生面积的1/4～1/3，因此连作是影响山东花生生产的主要因素之一[1]。研究显示，连作3年的花生，产量减少10%～40%[2，3]。引起连作障碍的因素主要有土壤微生物种群失衡、酶活性降低、营养元素失调以及土传病害加重等[4]。据报道，连作1年以上的花生，叶部病害病情指数显著高于轮作花生[1]。连作同时能够显著增加花生田土壤及根际真菌量，降低细菌和放线菌量，促使土壤从细菌型转化为真菌型，引起土壤肥力衰竭，进而影响花生生育，导致减产[5]。……