孙秀山 许婷婷 冯昊 赵品绩 石程仁 王才斌 于天一

摘要：花生两年连作肥料试验中，有机肥、无机肥混合施用效果最好，对花生群体干物质积累速率、荚果干物质积累速率、总生物产量、荚果产量、叶面积系数（LAI）和光合势的影响较大，多与对照差异显著。单施无机肥处理，短期肥效明显，连年施用不理想，而单施有机肥处理长期肥效累积效应明显。花生净同化率受施肥方式影响较小，各处理间差异不明显。综合来看，有机肥、无机肥混合施用是促进连作花生生长发育的最佳施肥模式。

关键词：花生；有机肥；无机肥；配施；生长发育

中图分类号：S565.206.2文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2018）06-0135-05

Abstract A two-year fertilizer experiment was conducted in a peanut field of continuous cropping. Among which， the organic-inorganic combination treatment had the best influences on dry matter cumulative rate of peanut population and pods， total biomass and pod yield， leaf area index and leaf area duration， and most of the growing indexes were significantly higher than those of control. Single application of inorganic fertilizer had better effects on peanut in short term， but worse effects in long term. Single application of organic fertilizer had a long-term cumulative effect. Net assimilation rate was less affected by fertilizer treatments， and no obvious difference was found among different treatments. In conclusion， organic-inorganic combination is the best fertilization model for promoting peanut growth and development in continuous cropping field.

Keywords Peanut； Organic fertilizer； Inorganic fertilizer； Combined application； Growth and development

花生是对连作较为敏感的作物，同一地块连续3年种植花生后连作障碍明显，表现为土壤自毒物质及病原菌增加[1，2]、微生物区系失衡[3，4]、土壤酶活性及有效养分含量降低[5，6]，进而导致花生病虫害加剧，产量显著降低[7，8]。山东、河南等花生主产区连作种植面积大、年限长，一般减产10%～40%，连作障碍已上升为影响我国花生产量、品质和效益的主要因素之一。合理施肥是缓解花生连作障碍的重要途径。与不施肥对照相比，单施有机肥及有机无机肥配施可显著提高花生田土壤微生物量和氮含量，增加脲酶、酸性磷酸酶及转化酶活性，降低花生土传病害，产量下降幅度小，效果好于单施化肥（大量元素）及微肥处理[9，10]。张欣昕等[11]研究表明，有机无机肥配施能够提高花生主茎高及侧枝长，增加花生籽仁产量、粗脂肪及粗蛋白含量。……