孟静静 王建国 郭峰 张佳蕾 李新国 万书波 李林

摘要：以“湘花2008”为试验材料，通过大田试验，探究不同栽培方式下夏播花生Al、Mn、Cu养分吸收特性和分配规律。结果表明：与露地栽培相比，覆膜+遮阳栽培提高花生不同时期叶和根中Al含量、根中Cu含量，但降低叶、果针中Cu含量，降幅分别为1.20%～17.12%、1.25%～24.95%。花针期、结荚期，覆膜+遮阳栽培降低茎、果针、荚果中Mn和Al含量，而结荚之后茎中的Cu含量降低0.35～0.67 mg/kg。覆膜+遮阳处理有利于花生促进对Al、Mn、Cu的吸收、积累，但不同元素在不同生育阶段积累规律存在差异。覆膜+遮阳栽培显著提高苗期植株Al和Cu的积累量（P<0.05）；成熟期显著提高Mn和Cu的积累量，分别提高23.34%、13.29%。随生育进程的递进，Al和Cu的分配中心逐渐向生殖器官转移，而Mn的分配中心一直在营养器官。从开花到成熟，覆膜+遮阳处理提高了叶、根的Al和Mn分配系数，但降低果针的Al、Mn、Cu分配系数。

关键词：花生；覆膜+遮阳；铝；锰；铜；积累；分配系数

中图分类号：S565.204.4文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2018）06-0125-05

Abstract Using Xianghua 2008 as the experimental material， the characteristics of nutrient uptake and distribution of Al， Mn and Cu in summer sowing peanut under different cultivation methods were explored through field experiments. Compared with open field cultivation， the film mulching with shading cultivation increased the contents of Al and Cu in peanut leaves and roots at different stages， but decreased Cu content in leaves and fruit needles by 1.20%～17.12% and 1.25%～24.95%， respectively. From the pod-pin stage to pod setting stage， the filming and shading cultivation reduced the contents of Mn and Al in stems， fruits， and pods， while Cu content in stems decreased 0.35～0.67 mg/kg at the later stage. The filming and shading cultivation was conducive to promoting absorption and accumulation of Al， Mn， Cu in peanut， but the accumulation of different elements in different growth stages had different rules. The filming and shading cultivation significantly increased the accumulation of Al and Cu in the seedling stage （P<0.05）； during the mature stage， the accumulation of Mn and Cu increased significantly， which increased by 23.34% and 13.29%， respectively. As the reproductive process progressed， the distribution centers of Al and Cu were gradually transferred to the reproductive organs， and the distribution center of Mn was always in the vegetative organs. From flowering to maturity， filming and shading cultivation increased the distribution coefficients of Al and Mn in leaves and roots， but decreased the distribution coefficients of Al， Mn and Cu in fruit needles.

Keywords Peanut； Film mulching with shading； Al； Mn； Cu； Accumulation； Distribution coefficient

花生是重要的油料經济作物，总产量居我国油料作物的首位[1]，对保障我国油脂安全具有重要意义[2]。农业生产中地膜覆盖具有增温调温、保墒提墒、改善土壤生态环境等多种综合效应，增产效果显著[3-5]，有利于实现花生快速、高倍繁种[6]。

锰（Mn）是作物生长发育必需的微量元素，参与叶绿体的结构组成，对氮素代谢有促进作用[7]。喷施锰肥后，花生约增产3.8%～20%[8]。铜（Cu）参与多种酶的组成及氮素代谢[4]。通常花生植株缺铜，叶片出现失绿状况。周苏玫等[16]研究表明，当土壤中铜离子浓度为100 mg/kg时，花生营养生长和生殖生长最好，产量也最高。而铝（Al）不是植物生长所必需的营养元素，土壤中铝过多还会对大多数植物产生毒害作用。铝胁迫可抑制花生的营养生长和生殖生长[9]。目前，国内外学者对花生植株营养氮、磷、钾、钙吸收利用等的研究热度较高[10-13]。……