孙凯宁 王克安 杨宁

摘要：针对设施菜地盐渍化日益严重的现状，设置4种菌渣隔层厚度（0、1、2、3 cm），并覆白色、黑色地膜，研究不同厚度隔层对设施黄瓜产量、品质及土壤主要离子含量的影响。结果表明，黄瓜单瓜鲜重随着菌渣添加量的增加呈先升后降的趋势，添加适量菌渣（厚度1 cm）可提高单瓜鲜重1.0%～5.3%；白膜菌渣处理可分别提高黄瓜VC、蛋白质、可溶性总糖含量达17.0%～21.3%、20.8%～28.4%、1.6%～10.7%；隔层减缓了肥料所带入营养元素的下渗，使耕层土壤主要离子含量随着菌渣添加量的增加而上升。这为今后设施种植过程中减少化肥施用，促进设施农业健康、可持续发展提供参考。

关键词：菌渣；隔层；黄瓜；品质；离子

中图分类号：S642.206文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2018）05-0081-06

Abstract According to the serious present situation of soil salinization in facility vegetable fields， four kinds of thickness （0， 1， 2， 3 cm） of mushroom residue were set as the interlayer to explore their influences on cucumber yield and quality and main soil ion contents by comparing with only mulching film （white or black film）. The results showed that the fresh weight of cucumber had a trend of first rising and then falling with the increase of mushroom residue addition. Adding proper amount of mushroom residue with the thickness of 1 cm could increase the fresh weight of single cucumber by 1.0%～5.3%. The treatment of white film+mushroom residue interlayer could increase the contents of cucumber VC， protein， total soluble sugar by 17.0%～21.3%， 20.8%～28.4% and 1.6%～10.7%， respectively. The interlayer slowed down the infiltration of nutrients， which increased the content of main ions in soil with the increase of mushroom residue addition. This research could provide useful references for reducing fertilizer application and promoting the healthy and sustainable development of facility agriculture in future.

Keywords Mushroom residue； Interlayer； Cucumber； Quality； Ion

土壤鹽渍化是设施蔬菜栽培过程中面临的重要问题，制约着我国设施蔬菜产业的可持续发展[1， 2]。菜农为了追求更高的经济效益，长期过量施用肥料，大量的养分难以被雨水冲刷，同时设施内部的高温条件促使土壤水分强烈蒸发，致使土层下部的盐分随土壤毛管水上移并逐渐在土表聚集。过高的盐浓度会阻碍植物吸收养分和正常生长，抑制土壤微生物活性，造成农作物严重减产[3-5]。因此，如何应对设施菜地土壤盐渍化已成为生产中亟待解决的现实问题。人们对盐渍土的改良有着悠久历史，目前主要有物理方法、化学方法、工程方法和生物修复等技术手段[6， 7]。隔盐层在盐碱地改良中有较多应用[8-11]，隔盐层在土体中通过改变水盐运移轨迹，可以有效抑制潜水蒸发和土壤返盐，不用改变耕作制度，见效快，效果好，但该类改良方式多见于露天盐碱地，在设施盐渍化土壤中的应用却少有报道。……