马亚男 郭洁 李林光 翟浩 余贤美 张勇

摘要：苹果作为我国栽培面积最大、产量最高的果树品种，在调整农业结构、发展农村经济和增加农民收入过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。近年来，苹果炭疽叶枯病在全国各苹果产区大范围爆发和流行，造成部分苹果品种叶片脱落、树势削弱，导致次年果实减产甚至绝产，对苹果产量和品质造成巨大影响，严重制约苹果产业健康可持续发展。本文从苹果炭疽叶枯病的病原学研究、侵染机制及抗病机制、防治策略三方面综述了近年来的最新研究进展，以期对苹果炭疽叶枯病有更全面的了解，探寻深入研究该病害病原菌分子致病机理的角度与手段，为防控药剂研发和管理措施优化提供重要参考信息，并为病害综合防治和抗病品种的培育提供新思路。

关键词：苹果；炭疽叶枯病；病原学；侵染机制；防治措施；研究进展

中图分类号：S436.611.1+2-1文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2018）05-0160-08

Abstract China is the largest apple producer in the world. As a species of major commercial fruit tree， apple （Malus pumila） occupies the largest cultivation area and production in China， and played a significant role in improving agriculture structure， increasing farmers income and developing rural economy. In recent years， the outbreak and prevalence of Glomerella leaf spot （GLS） in a wide range of apple producing area in China have caused the leaf abscission and fruit rot of some apple varieties， which weakened the tree vigor and lead to decline in apple production， even resulted in no yield in the next year. Thus， GLS has an enormous impact on apple output and quality， and has seriously restricted the healthy and sustainable development of apple industry. Here we introduced the latest research progresses of GLS in three aspects： etiology research， infection mechanism as well as disease resistance mechanism and prevention strategies in order to have a deep understanding of this disease and discuss the idea and measure of the molecular pathogenesis research. The results of this research will provide important references for the research and development of effective fungicides and the optimization of management measures， and the new insights into the disease control of GLS and the breeding of disease-resistant cultivars to promote the healthy development of apple industry.

Keywords Apple； Glomerella leaf spot； Etiology； Infection mechanism； Prevention strategy； Research progress

蘋果（Malus pumila）在世界范围内均有种植。2016年全世界苹果种植面积约为5 293 341 hm2，总产量达到89 329 182 t。中国苹果种植面积占到世界近一半（2 383 905 hm2），产量约为44 448 575 t（Food and Agricultural Organization， 2017）。目前，影响苹果产量的主要因素包括低温时间较短、春夏季多雨、相对湿度较高和病虫害严重等。近年来，苹果炭疽叶枯病（Glomerella leaf spot，GLS）在包括中国在内的世界各苹果产区大范围爆发和流行，对苹果产量和品质均造成巨大影响，严重制约苹果产业健康可持续发展。该病害是由围小丛壳（Glomerella cingulata，有性态为炭疽菌属Colletotrichum spp.）侵染引起的，主要侵染苹果叶片，使叶片产生黑褐色病斑，最终干枯脱落，也会在夏季侵染果实造成果面的小型坏死斑点。……