徐平丽 唐桂英 付春 柳展基 鲁成凯 姜言生 单雷

摘要：以山东大花生鲁花14号（LH14）为母本、高油酸花生开农176（KN176）为父本配置杂交组合，再以LH14为轮回亲本历经4次回交获得BC4F1，期间用TaqMan探针标记技术辅助杂种AhFAD2B基因型选择；BC4F1经连续自交、田间筛选并辅助KASP分子标记鉴别后代籽粒AhFAD2B基因的基因型，獲得基因型aabb的BC4F5株系10个，它们分别来源于BC4F1代7个单株。分析这10个株系产量及品质性状，结果显示各株系结果集中，单株平均荚果数、果型与母本LH14相似，油酸含量为68.67%～77.93%；其中7个株系的百果重、饱果率和6个株系的百仁重分别比对照LH14提高0.02%～16.05%、4.55%～12.31%和0.05%～9.41%。综合各株系田间表现及籽粒品质指标，最终选择油酸含量高于70%的7个BC4F5代株系进行DUS测试、品种区试和生产试验。TaqMan探针标记与KASP标记结合应用于高油酸品种选育过程中，大大减少了田间选择的工作量，提高了回交选育高油酸花生的效率。

关键词：花生；高油酸；回交；分子标记辅助选育

中图分类号：S565.203.5文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2018）06-0046-07

Abstract The cross combination， Luhua 14 （LH14） ×Kainong 176 （KN176）， was made using large-seeded peanut cultivar LH14 as female parent and KN176 with high oleic acid content as male parent. Furthermore， using LH14 as recurrent parent，BC4F1 generation was obtained by successive backcrosses for 4 times. The AhFAD2B genotype single plant from each generation （including F1 and BC1F1-BC4F1） was determined by TaqMan probe method. Ten lines of BC4F5 generation derived from 7 single plants of BC4F1 were obtained by continuous self-crossing through screening in field by agronomic traits combined with genotype identification of AhFAD2B gene by high-throughput KASP molecular marker. These 10 BC4F5 lines with aabb genotype were evaluated in yield and quality traits. The results showed that the average pod number and pod shape of each line were similar to those of maternal LH14， and the oleic acid content of different lines arranged from 68.67% to 77.93%. Compared with LH14， the weight of hundred pods and percent of plump pods per plant in 7 lines， and the hundred-kernel weight in 6 lines increased by 0.02%～16.05%，4.55%～12.31 % and 0.05%～9.41%， respectively. According to overall performance of agronomic characters and kernel quality， 7 BC4F5 lines with oleic acid content above 70% were chosen for DUS test， variety regional trail and production test. The effective application of TaqMan probe method and high-throughput KASP technology in high-oleic peanut breeding greatly reduced the workload of selection in field and improved the breeding efficiency.

Keywords Peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）； High oleic acid； Backcross； Molecular marker assisted selection

花生是我国重要的经济作物和油料作物。花生籽粒脂肪酸的组成是衡量花生品质的重要指标。油酸、亚油酸是花生籽粒脂肪酸的主要成分，含量分别占其总脂肪酸含量的36.1%～67.0%、13.0%～43.0%；此外还包括硬脂酸1.3%～6.5%、软脂酸6.0%～11.5%和亚麻酸（<0.1%）等[1]。油酸含有单不饱和键，相比亚油酸、亚麻酸等多不饱和脂肪酸更稳定，提高油酸含量可以改善花生及花生制品的口味和氧化稳定性，因此，高油酸花生作为一种优质的油脂来源，越来越受到消费者的青睐[2，3]。

我国高油酸花生育种研究起步较晚、育成的品种比较少，且大多来源于美国突变体F435及其衍生系。……