水分胁迫对茶树叶片二氧化碳响应的影响
2018-08-14孔晓君王恒庄美琪王超
孔晓君 王恒 庄美琪 王超
摘要:为研究水分胁迫对茶树叶片CO2响应的影响,本试验以两年生盆栽茶树为研究对象,采用3种不同水分胁迫[土壤含水量占田间最大持水量的60%(K1)、45%(K2)、25%(K3)]处理方式,以土壤含水量占田间最大持水量75%的处理为对照,利用LI-6400便携式光合作用测定仪,采用开放式气路,人为设置不同CO2浓度,测定了茶树顶芽向下第 3 片叶的光合指标。结果表明: 水分和CO2浓度对茶树叶片的光合作用有一定的调节作用,当CO2浓度升高至600 μmol·mol-1后,茶树叶片的净光合速率和水分利用效率不再继续升高;K3处理严重损伤了叶片的光合能力。
关键词:水分;茶树叶片;二氧化碳响应;光合指标
中图分类号:S571.101文献标识号:A文章编号:1001-4942(2018)05-0055-05
Abstract The pot experiment was conducted with the leaves of 2-year-old tea trees. Three water stress treatments were set as controlling the content of soil moisture at 60% (K1), 45% (K2) and 25% (K3) of the field maximum moisture capacity. The soil moisture content at 75% of field maximum moisture capacity was as the control (CK). The photosynthetic characters of the third leaf from the terminal bud including the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr) and water use efficiency (WUE) were measured using the Li-6400 Portable Photosynthesis System with an open flow gas exchange system and manual setting of CO2 concentration. The results showed that moisture and CO2 concentration could regulate the photosynthesis of leaves in some degree. With the increase of CO2 concentration, the Pn and WUE increased gradually and tended to be stable at 600 μmol·mol-1 of CO2. The K3 treatment seriously damaged the photosynthetic capacity of the tea leaves.
Keywords Water; Tea leaves;Carbon dioxide response; Photosynthetic characters
人類对森林的过度砍伐和石油天然气等不可再生能源的过度使用导致空气中CO2浓度升高。相关研究表明:大气 CO2浓度以每年1.5~2.0 μmol·mol-1的速率快速增长[1],截止到2017年6月大气CO2浓度已升高到408.84 μmol·mol-1 [2],预计2100年大气 CO2浓度将达到800 μmol·mol-1[2]。气候变暖和大气CO2浓度升高能够改变陆地生态系统的功能和结构,对人们的生产生活产生影响,因而受到广大科研工作者的广泛关注 [3-6]。以山东为代表的华北及黄淮海地区茶树生长季节雨热不同期,并且随着CO2等温室气体浓度的逐步升高,全球气候变暖的趋势日益明显,地区性干旱发生频繁[7],使得该地降雨量不能满足茶树生育期的用水需求。
茶树(Camellia sinensis)属于 C3植物,对CO2浓度变化较为敏感,其叶片气孔导度和边界层阻抗影响对CO2的吸收和利用。当CO2浓度变化耦合水分变化时,对光合作用的影响就变得复杂,并能够直接影响茶树光合产物的形成和积累,因此研究不同CO2浓度和土壤含水量条件下茶树叶片对CO2的响应具有重要的现实指导意义。……
