王雅琦 宋琎楠 陆启环 冯涛 杨洪兵

摘要：为研究臭氧水处理对马铃薯幼苗生理特性的影响，本试验以清水为对照，采用1.0 mg/L臭氧水土壤浇灌和0.6 mg/L臭氧水叶面喷施处理，测定了幼苗生长35 d后叶片质膜透性、SOD、POD和CAT活性及矿质元素含量等指标。结果表明，臭氧水浇灌和喷施处理均能显著降低马铃薯叶片质膜透性，显著增加马铃薯叶片POD和CAT活性，明显提高马铃薯幼苗抗逆性；臭氧水喷施处理的马铃薯叶片Ca含量显著降低，臭氧水浇灌和喷施处理的马铃薯叶片Fe含量显著增加，且臭氧水浇灌处理增加幅度更大。

关键词：臭氧水；浇灌；喷施；马铃薯幼苗；生理特性

中图分类号：S532.01文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2018）05-0043-03

Abstract The potato seedlings were used as experimental materials， and the ozone water treatments were designed as irrigation at 1.0 mg/L and spraying at 0.6 mg/L. The indicators of membrane permeability， SOD， POD and CAT activities and mineral element content of leaves were determined to study the effects of ozone water irrigation and spraying on physiological characteristics of potato seedlings after treated for 35 days. The results showed that both irrigation and spraying of ozone water could significantly decrease the leaf membrane permeability of potato， and significantly increase the leaf POD and CAT activities. It indicated that ozone water treatment could obviously improve the stress resistance of potato seedlings. After spraying treatment of ozone water， the content of Ca in potato leaves was decreased significantly. The content of Fe in potato leaves was increased significantly after irrigation and spraying treatments with ozone water， and the increase of former treatment was larger than that of the later one.

Keywords Ozone water； Irrigation； Spraying； Potato seedlings； Physiological characteristics

馬铃薯（Solanum tuberosum L.）是茄科茄属一年生草本植物，又称山药蛋、地蛋、洋芋、芋头、土豆等。马铃薯是中国五大主食之一，所含蛋白质好于大豆，最接近动物蛋白，营养价值高，适应力强，产量高，是全球第三大重要粮食作物，仅次于小麦和玉米。土豆块茎，可入药，性平味甘，可治胃痛、痄肋、痈肿等疾病。根据2016年农业部发布的《关于推进马铃薯产业开发的指导意见》，2020年我国适宜主食加工的品种种植比例达到30%，主食消费占马铃薯总消费量的30%[1]。由于生产经营的分散性，生产技能不能适应蔬菜生产的新要求，蔬菜生产中不合理施用农药导致残留超标问题依然存在[2]，探索新的病害防治方法已成为马铃薯产业亟需解决的难题。相关研究表明，臭氧具有强氧化性，是广谱高效杀菌剂，溶于水后具有更好的杀菌作用[3]，且对蔬菜表面附着微生物有良好杀灭效果，处理后可自然分解成无毒的氧气，不会带来有害残留[4]。……