吕鹏 鞠正春 高瑞杰 韩伟 柴兰高 于安军 张晓雱

摘要：本试验以济麦22为材料，在山东省内有代表性的8个地级市下属县区设置5个播量梯度，研究大田条件下宽幅精播不同播量对小麦群体性状及产量的影响。结果表明：随播量增加，全生育期单位面积茎数显著提高，单株分蘖减少，单株次生根减少，单株成穗率降低；随播量增加，产量呈现先增加后降低趋势，播量150 kg/hm2较播量75 kg/hm2产量显著提高，播量提高到225 kg/hm2增产不显著。综合认为，本试验区域内适宜播量为150 kg/hm2，基本苗适宜范围为257万/hm2左右。

关键词：山东省；小麦；大田条件；宽幅精播；播量

中图分类号：S512.101（252）文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2018）05-0034-04

Abstract The effects of seeding quantity on grain yield and population characters of wheat under wide-precision planting in field were studied in 8 cities of Shandong Province. Jimai 22 was selected as experimental material and 5 kinds of seeding quantity were designed. The results showed that with the increase of seeding quantity， the number of stems per unit area in the whole growth period increased significantly， and the tillers， secondary roots and percentage of earbearing tillers per plant decreased； the grain yield increased firstly and then decreased. The grain yield increased significantly at the seeding quantity of 150 kg/hm2 compared with 75 kg/hm2， but it could not increase significantly when the seeding quantity increased from 150 kg/hm2 to 225 kg/hm2. In conclusion， the suitable seeding quantity for this test area was 15 kg/hm2， and the suitable range of basic seedlings was about 2 570 thousand per hectare.

Keywords Shandong Province； Wheat； Field condition； Wide-precision planting； Seeding quantity

小麦是山东省第一大粮食作物，保障小麦高产稳产对于确保全省乃至全国粮食安全具有非常重要的意义。通过调节播量，促进个体健壮，构建合理群體结构，是促进小麦增产的有效措施[1]。前人对于小麦播量对群体构成及产量的影响，已做了大量研究报道[2，3]。随着播量的提高，冬小麦籽粒产量呈现出线性增加或二次曲线增加的变化趋势[4]。适宜的播量是取得高产的保障。播量较小不利于群体的形成，并导致对土地、肥料、水分及光热资源的浪费，降低产量；播量过大则不利于发挥小麦的分蘖成穗优势，降低分蘖成穗率，后期群体过大，加剧群体内个体之间的竞争，降低穗粒数和粒重，不利于高产[5，6]。目前普遍认为，随着播量增加，群体穗数增多，单株成穗、穗粒数及粒重有所下降[7，8]。

目前，山东省约60%以上地块采用旋耕后播种方式，播量普遍偏大，加之受全球气候变暖影响，小麦越冬期缩短[9]。……