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花生DGAT基因家族的生物信息学分析

2018-08-14郑玲单雷李新国郭峰孟静静万书波彭振英

山东农业科学 2018年6期

郑玲 单雷 李新国 郭峰 孟静静 万书波 彭振英

摘要:含油量是花生最重要的品质性状之一。花生油的主要成分是三酰甘油(TAG),二酰甘油酰基转移酶(DGAT)是催化合成TAG的关键酶类,其活性高低与含油量呈正相关。本研究利用生物信息学方法对花生DGAT(AhDGAT)基因家族的进化、基因结构特点、表达模式以及可变剪接等进行了分析。进化分析结果显示,AhDGAT1、AhDGAT2和AhDGAT3亲缘关系较近,与AhWSD/DGAT的亲缘关系稍远。AhDGAT1具有17~18个外显子,AhDGAT2具有7~9个外显子,AhDGAT3具有2~3个外显子,而AhWSD/DGAT具有3~6个外显子。AhDGAT1的跨膜区数目为7~11个,AhDGAT2和AhWSD/DGAT为0~2个,AhDGAT3没有跨膜结构。另外,4个亚家族均具有自己特有的保守结构域和表达模式。AhDGAT1和AhDGAT2在种子中表达量较高,而AhDGAT3和AhWSD/DGAT在根和叶中的表达量较高。AhDGAT1的可变剪接形式最多,其次为AhWSD/DGAT。花生的4个AhDGAT亚家族具有不同的特点,表明它们可能在进化中具有不同的祖先。

关键词:花生;二酰甘油酰基转移酶(DGAT);进化;表达模式

中图分类号:S565.2:Q7文献标识号:A文章编号:1001-4942(2018)06-0010-09

Abstract Oil content is one of the most important quality characters of peanut. The major component of peanut oil is triacylglycerol (TAG), and diacylgycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is the key enzyme for TAG synthesis. The activity of DGAT is positively correlated with the oil content. In this study, the evolution, gene structure characteristics, expression pattern and alternative splicing of peanut DGAT gene family were analyzed using bioinformatics method. The evolution results showed that the genetic relationships among AhDGAT1, AhDGAT2 and AhDGAT3 were closer than that of AhWSD/DGAT. There were 17~18 exons in AhDGAT1, 7~9 exons in AhDGAT2, 2~3 exons in AhDGAT3 and 3~6 exons in AhWSD/DGAT. The number of transmembrane domain in AhDGAT1 were 7~11, and those in AhDGAT2 and AhWSD/DGAT were both 0~2, whereas there was none in AhDGAT3. Each subfamily had its own unique conserved domain and expression pattern. AhDGAT1 and AhDGAT2 expressed higher in seeds, whereas AhDGAT3 and AhWSD/DGAT expressed relatively higher in roots and leaves. AhDGAT1 had the most alternative splicing isoforms, followed by AhWSD/DGAT. Significant differences among the four DGAT subfamilies showed they might had different ancestors.

Keywords Peanut; Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT); Evolution; Expression pattern

三酰甘油(triacylglycerol,TAG)是生物體内贮藏油脂的一种主要形式。二酰甘油酰基转移酶(diacylglycerol acyltransferase,DGAT)是催化二酰基甘油(diacylglycerol,DAG)合成TAG的关键酶,在DAG的sn-3位添加脂酰基,直接决定酰基-CoA进入TAG的数量和质量。迄今为止发现了四类DGAT基因:DGAT1、DGAT2、DGAT3和WSD/DGAT。WSD/DGAT除了具有TAG合成功能外,在蜡质合成中也具有主要作用。4个亚家族的成员具有不同的亚细胞定位和底物特异性[1]。过表达DGAT基因可促进种子中油脂的积累,拟南芥DGAT1在烟草中过表达可使转基因烟草种子中TAG含量显著上升[2]。拟南芥DGAT1突变体幼苗生长异常、种子皱缩、油脂减少、种子成熟延迟[3,4]。……

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