祝琳 王婷

摘 要：随着国家对校车的重视程度逐渐加强，越来越多的学校已引入标准的校车作为交通工具来接送学生。在关于学生专用校车的研究上，大多数学者的研究重点是放在校车路径规划以及校车安全制度的管理上，而在乘坐校车的舒适性方面的研究比较少。近年来，随着整体生活水平的不断提高，为了解决目前校车内设施环境中存在的问题，将基于年龄阶段为7～12岁小学生的心理和生理的视角，以人因工程理论为基础，对小学生专用校车的内部设施进行深入分析。现以安全性为前提，在小学生专用校车座椅的高度方面、车内可视化管理方面、色彩搭配方面以及空气质量方面作出改善，如确定符合儿童生理的座椅高度，根据儿童的生理以及心理特点提出更人性化的可视化管理方法，对车内色彩进行改善并绘制了改善前后对比图，优化校车内部的环境，提升了接送儿童上下学路程中的舒适感，并对适用于不同年龄阶段学生使用的校车设计提供一些新的思路，使校车能够为学生的出行提供更好的服务和保障。

关键词：人因工效学；校车；可视化管理；座椅；色彩设计

中图分类号：U 121；TB 18

文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-7312（2018）05-0537-06

Abstract：With the increasing emphasis on school buses，more and more schools have introduced the school bus as vehicles transporting students.Most scholars focused on the school bus route planning，the management of the school bus safety system，but there was little research on the comfort of school bus.In recent years，with the continuous improvement of the living standards，in order to solve the problem in the facility environment of school bus，this paper used the theory of human factors engineering to analyze internal fertilities of school bus for primary school students，which is based on the psychological and physiological characteristics of primary school students aged 7 to 12 years.Premise on the safety，the paper suggested an improvement on the height of school bus seats，visual management，color matching，air quality，etc.Furthermore，the paper suggested to optimize the color scheme and environment of school bus as well as draws the fore-and-aft comparison diagram，which enhances the comfort of children on commuter road.It also provides some suggestions for the school bus of different ages so as to make the school bus provide better services and security for students travel.

Key words：human factors engineering；school bus；visual management；chair；color design

0 引 言

近年來，一些不正规校车事故的频发引发了国家对中小学校车安全性的重视。越来越多的学校已引入标准的校车作为交通工具接送学生。就目前来说，校车相对于公交车、私家车的安全性更高，然而随着时代的发展，校车不能单单驻足于“安全”这一方面，舒适性也成为选择出行方式的一种重要因素。……