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脉冲探地雷达后向投影成像方法的研究

2018-08-06来五星唐文静孙少山钟升

现代电子技术 2018年15期

来五星 唐文静 孙少山 钟升

摘 要: 对脉冲探地雷达数据进行成像处理有利于地下目标的定位和探测。详细阐述了探地雷达后向投影成像方法的实现原理与过程,并针对该方法存在计算效率低的问题,提出基于子孔径划分的改进后向投影成像方法,最后用频率?波数成像、有限差分成像、标准后向投影成像以及改进的后向投影成像方法分别对仿真和实测数据进行成像处理并比较各成像方法的性能,验证了改进算法的有效性。

关键词: 探地雷达; 成像方法; 后向投影; 子孔径划分; 合成孔径; 成像效率

中图分类号: TN958?34 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1004?373X(2018)15?0061?04

Research on back?projection imaging method of impulse ground penetrating radar

LAI Wuxing, TANG Wenjing, SUN Shaoshan, ZHONG Sheng

(School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China)

Abstract: The imaging processing of impulse ground penetrating radar (GPR) data is helpful for the location and detection of underground targets. The implementation principle and procedure of the standard back?projection imaging method of GPR are described in detail, and an improved back?projection imaging algorithm based on sub?aperture division is proposed to improve the computational efficiency of the standard imaging method. The frequency and wave number imaging, finite difference imaging, standard back?projection imaging and improved back?projection imaging methods are used to process the simulation data and actual measured data, their performances are compared, and the effectiveness of the improved algorithm is verified.

Keywords: ground penetrating radar; imaging method; back?projection; sub?aperture division; synthetic aperture; imaging efficiency

0 引 言

探地雷达(GPR)也称地质雷达,是对埋地目标进行定位与探测的有效工具,它集探测速度快、分辨率高、穿透力强、无损检测等优点于一身,被广泛应用于市政管线检测、道路与桥梁灾害检查、考古发掘探测、地雷与未爆弹药的排查、矿物资源勘探等诸多方面[1?2]。脉冲探地雷达的原理是发射天线向地下辐射脉宽为纳秒级的高频电磁波,通过对接收到的回波信号的幅度、频率以及相位等特征进行分析处理,得到被测物体的位置和大小信息。探地雷达成像就是对接收到的回波信号进行合成孔径处理,从而准确地反映地下目标的位置。由于探地雷达回波数据与地震波数据具有相似性,地震数据处理使用的偏移技术可以应用在探地雷达的合成孔径成像处理中,偏移可以将从地面接收到的来自地下的绕射波或反射波归位到实际位置[3?4],常用的偏移成像技术包括频率?波数([ω?k])成像和后向投影(BP)成像。……

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