徐正浩

“接天莲叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红”。在荷花盛开的季节，杭州迎来了一批特殊的客人——“联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产师资培训班”在钱塘江畔开班。来自北京、曼谷、新德里、雅加达和阿皮亚五大地区办事处20多个国家和地区的40余名学员及非遗工作者参与此次培训。

本次活动由联合国教科文组织总部、联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心主办，浙江省文化厅支持，浙江省非物质文化遗产保护中心、杭州市文广新局承办，杭州市非遗保护中心执行承办。

浙江在非遗保护上的承诺体现

2003年10月，联合国教科文组织第32届大会上通过了《保护非物质文化遗产公约》（以下简称《公约》）。15年过去了，《公约》的内容没变，但非遗保护的环境却发生了巨大变化。

联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心，作为联合国教科文组织在非物质文化遗产保护领域的二类中心，致力于《公约》的推动，以及在亚太地区国家层面上进行非遗保护能力建设。从2012年成立至今，亚太中心已举办32期非遗能力建设培训班，覆盖亚太地区33个国家和地区，直接受益人数逾千人。

这是中国第二次，也是浙江首次举办亚太地区非遗师资培训班，而师资培训则是教科文组织非遗处近期重要活动之一。

其实在早些年，联合国教科文组织也曾培训过一批培訓师，这些培训师活跃在世界各地的非遗保护培训工作中，但随着非遗保护范围的扩大，以及要求的不同，培训师的数量已经不能满足实际需求。

联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心主任梁斌说：“目前，中国只有一名经过认证的培训师。要获得联合国教科文组织认证的培训师资质，除了要对《公约》内容了如指掌，还要常年在一线从事非遗保护和传承的相关工作，并有良好的英语沟通能力，除了这些，还需要长期从事国际工作，这样才有资格来参加联合国教科文组织认证的培训师培训，并胜任培训师的工作。”成为培训师后，不单要为本国提供相关的非遗的培训，还要为其他国家提供必要的培训。

除了对培训师进行培训外，每次培训还会邀请观察员和政府相关部门人士参加，因为在实际操作过程中，他们是亲历非遗保护一线的工作者。

来自联合国教科文组织总部《公约》秘书处的苏珊·史努特根女士，对杭州有着良好的印象。她表示，“杭州以世界文化遗产西湖而闻名，这座城市有着悠久的历史，昆曲、金石篆刻等项目也都入选了‘人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。在这一次的培训考察过程中，我们十分欣喜地看到了浙江以及杭州在非遗保护上的承诺体现，昆曲、金石篆刻等项目在这片土地上有着良好的传承与发展。”

在谈及“非遗活化”问题时，苏珊认为，在当今资讯过剩的时代，若单纯依靠文本材料保护非遗，我们将丧失讲述它们的能力，我们需要用更多创新的手段去保护与传承。

《公约》履行中的浙江实践

在《公约》的履行过程中，各地有着各自的实践方式与方法。在中国，非遗保护工作得到了政府与社会的大力支持及高度关注，在全球都处于领先地位，尤其是国家级、省级、市级、县（区）级的四级保护体系，在很多国家是没有的。而在立法层面，2011年的《非遗保护法》也为非遗保护工作提供了法制基础。其中，浙江作为中国非遗保护的大省，在非遗保护过程中作了许多卓有成效的实践与探索。

在国务院公布的四批国家级非物质文化遗产名录中，浙江蝉联“四连冠”，共有217项“国遗”项目上榜，总量居全国第一。浙江有昆曲、古琴艺术、西泠印社金石篆刻、中国蚕桑丝织技艺、中国龙泉青瓷烧制技艺等8个项目入选“人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录”，有中国木拱桥营造技艺、中国木活字印刷术2个项目入选联合国教科文组织“急需保护的非物质文化遗产名录”。共有10个项目上榜，居全国各省份之首。

浙江省政府先后公布了五批省级非物质文化遗产名录，886个项目立项。与此同时，还积极开展国家级、省级非遗代表性传承人抢救性记录工作；积极筹备省级非遗馆建设；通过图书编纂出版、数据库建设等方式，不断强化基础工作；通过举办非遗博览会、交易会等形式体现继承传统，转化活化，促进非遗融入生活；有传有承，培育发展，积极促进非遗薪传；立足本土，走出境外，讲好浙江非遗故事，积极打造对外文化交流品牌。

可以说，浙江从实际出发，因地制宜，分类指导，多元拓展，不断探索非遗保护新思路、新途径、新方法，通过活态传承、活态展示，推动了非遗更好地融入生产、生活、生态，提高了大众对非遗的认知度与自觉参与保护的意识，促进了非遗的可持续发展。

通过举办此次培训班，各国学员对浙江省的代表性非遗项目进行深入的田野实践调查，在传播浙江丰富的文化内涵的同时，也展示了浙江的非遗保护经验。

From July 2 to 6， 2018， Zhejiang held the Training of Trainers Workshop on Intangible Cultural Heritage for Facilitators from the Asia-Pacific in Hangzhou， capital city of the province in eastern China.

This was the second time China hosted the workshop and the first time Zhejiang hosted the event.

Co-organized by the UNESCO and International Training Center for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific under the auspices of UNESCO （CRIHAP）， the workshop was launched with an opening ceremony on July 2， attended by more than 40 participants including trainees， expert professors， media and officials. The 5-day workshop was supported by the Zhejiang Administration of Culture， hosted by Zhejiang Center for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage， Hangzhou Center for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage， and Hangzhou Administration of Culture， Radio & Television， and Press.

The founding of CRIHAP was a must. Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage was adopted in October 2003 at a UNSECO congress. Great changes have taken place in the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage （ICH） in the past 15 years though the convention itself has remained unchanged. Since its inception in 2012， CRIHAP has held training 32 workshops in the region； 1，027 trainees from 33 countries and territories of the Asia-Pacific region have attended the workshops.

“At present， China has only one certified trainer. The qualifications for a successful candidate to take part in the workshop include a thorough knowledge of the Convention， engagement on a day-to-day basis in the work of the safeguarding of ICH， a proficiency of the English language for the sake of smooth communication， and engagement of years in international affairs，” explained Liang Bin， director-general of CRIHAP. “After one becomes a certified trainer， one must provide training courses for the safeguarding of ICH not only at home but also in other countries.”

A workshop invites observers and government officials to attend because they are engaged at the front-line of ICH safeguarding.

In China， the safeguarding of ICH is a top government priority and receives high-profile attention and support of the general public. The safeguarding of ICH is practiced at the national， provincial， municipal， and county （district） levels. The law for safeguarding of ICH adopted in China in 2011 provides a legal basis.

Zhejiang as a leading province engaged in the safeguarding of ICH has been engaged in effective practices and explorations. Zhejiang leads China by having 217 ICH items on the four lists of national ICH issued by the State Council since the first list was issued in 2006. Eight Intangible Cultural Heritage items from Zhejiang are on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. And two are on the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding.

Zhejiang has issued five provincial lists of its own that cover a total of 886 ICH items. Meanwhile， the province has adopted a series of measures to better safeguard ICH. There is an rescue project in place to document the representative masters of ICH items； preparations are being made to set up a provincial ICH museum； books are published and databanks have been set up to make ICH more tangible； exhibitions and trade fairs are held to promote ICH and integrate them into everyday life； events are held overseas to promote ICH items of Zhejiang to the world.

The trainees of the workshop in Hangzhou also did field studies of some representative ICH items of Zhejiang. The field studies not only exhibited the cultural charms of Zhejiang to international trainees but also highlighted the practice and experience of the safeguarding of ICH that Zhejiang has done so far.