中国页岩气的开发利用现状
2018-07-28李杨森李震慕珂
李杨森 李震 慕珂
【摘 要】传统化石能源预计将在四五十年后耗尽,对于新型能源的研究、开发刻不容缓。美国对于页岩气的开发已经进行了80余年,成功地将天然气储量增加了近40%。页岩气已经成为美国重要的能源保障。而我国的页岩气资源虽然总量巨大,但勘探开发才刚刚起步,核心技术尚未攻破,工业化生产难以实现。推动页岩气产业发展,对于改善我国的能源结构,由高污染、高耗能转变为高效能、清洁型,保障能源安全,减少能源的对外依靠,降低能源进口量具有重要意义。
【关键词】页岩气;储量分布;开发利用
中图分类号: F426.22 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 2095-2457(2018)12-0212-002
DOI:10.19694/j.cnki.issn2095-2457.2018.12.099
Exploitation and utilization of shale gas in China
LI Yang-sen LI Zhen MU Ke
(School of Earth Science and Information Physics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China)
【Abstract】Traditional fossil energy is predicted to be depleted after forty or fifty years. It is urgent to research and develop new energy. The United States has been in the development of shale gas for more than 80 years. The gas reserves increased by nearly 40%, Shale gas has become an important U.S. energy security. The shale gas resources in China are huge, but the exploration and development is just beginning. The core technology has not been breached and the industrialized production is difficult to realize. To promote the development of shale gas industry, it is of great significance to improve our energy structure, change from high pollution and high energy consumption to high efficiency, clean type, ensure energy security, reduce energy external reliance and reduce energy import quantity.
【Key words】Shale gas; Reserve and distribution; Exploitation and utilization
0 前言
頁岩气是指储藏在有机质页岩中的非常规天然气,主要以游离气和吸附气的形式存在。由于页岩孔隙度和渗透率低,页岩气基本未发生位移。页岩既是页岩气的产气源,又聚集和保存页岩气。页岩气储藏的特点为:面积广、厚度大、产气量稳定,这使其成为未来能源开发的热点。含气页岩分为海相和陆相两种类型。海相页岩形成于台地和陆棚环境中,有机质含量丰富,地质环境封闭,形成速率较快。陆相页岩形成于湖泊沉积环境中。
1 中国的储量、分布、开发情况
全国页岩气资源潜力的调查显示,中国页岩气的技术可采储量达25.08×1012m3,具有极大的开采前景。中国的页岩气发展潜力巨大,但相关产业却仍处于起步阶段。由于四川盆地页岩广泛发育,分布面积广,沉积厚度大,有机质含量高的特点。……
