急性心肌梗死介入治疗院内延迟的影响因素
2018-07-13刘菲王晓岩姜悦
刘菲 王晓岩 姜悦
[摘要] 目的 探讨急性心肌梗死患者介入治疗院内延迟的影响因素。 方法 回顾性分析2015年1月~2017年8月在北京天坛医院经急诊入院行经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的324例急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者的临床资料。通过单因素分析比较A组[球囊扩张的时间(DTB)≤90 min,198例]和B组(DTB>90 min,126例)的差异,采用Logistic多因素回归探讨院内延迟相关影响因素。 结果 导致院内延迟时间延长的独立因素为受教育程度低(OR = 1.761,95%CI:1.071~2.894,P < 0.05)、自行来院(OR = 1.765,95%CI:1.087~2.867,P < 0.05)、工作日就診(OR = 1.936,95%CI:1.113~3.369,P < 0.05)和消化系统疾病史(OR = 1.917,95%CI:1.085~3.387,P < 0.05)。导致院内延误时间缩短的独立因素为首诊明确(OR = 0.339,95%CI:0.207~0.556,P < 0.01)和院前延误时间≤120 min(OR = 0.578,95%CI:0.353~0.947,P < 0.05)。 结论 建议通过多样化的健康宣教手段提高公众知晓率和重视程度;完善急救系统网络,加强院外、院内急救的协同作用,引导公众使用急救车就诊,缩短院前延迟时间;加强医护人员培训,提高分诊、确诊能力;优化医院绿色通道流程,促进科室间有效衔接,提高导管室利用效率。
[关键词] 急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死;经皮冠状动脉介入治疗;院内延迟;入院到首次球囊扩张的时间
[中图分类号] R542.22 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2018)04(b)-0173-05
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the factors of hospital delay of acute myocardial infarction with percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods Restropective analysis was applied to 324 STEMI cases with PCI from emergency in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from January 2015 to August 2017. Univariate analysis was used to compare group A (DTB≤90min, 198 cases) and group B (DTB>90 min, 126 cases). Logistic multivariate analysis was adopted to explore related factors. Results Factors of hospital delay were as follows: low level of education (OR = 1.761, 95%CI: 1.071-2.894, P < 0.05), mode of transport to the hospital without EMS (OR = 1.765, 95%CI: 1.087-2.867, P < 0.05), PCI on work-day (OR = 1.936, 95%CI: 1.113-3.369, P < 0.05) and history of digestive diseases (OR = 1.917, 95% CI: 1.085-3.387, P < 0.05). There were some factors that could shorten hospital delay such as initial diagnosis with STEMI (OR = 0.339, 95%CI: 0.207-0.556, P < 0.01) and pre-hospital delay within 120 min (OR = 0.578, 95%CI: 0.353-0.947, P < 0.05). Conclusion It should offer multiform health education to people in order to increase awareness rate and degree of recogniton. Through improving emergency system, enhancing collaboration pre-hospital and in-hospital and promoting more people to use EMS, pre-hospital delay can be shorten. More cultivation on doctors and nurses should be organized to improve ability of triage and prognosis. Optimization of emergency green channel of PCI can promote department cooperation and increase efficiency of DSA to reduce hospital delay.
[Key words] STEMI; PCI; Hospital delay; DTB
急性心肌梗死(AMI)主要是由于冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂,血小板激活和聚集形成血栓阻塞冠状动脉导致[1],具有发病急、进展快、致死率高等临床特征。根据2016年中国心血管病报告,我国冠心病现患人数1100万,2002~2015年AMI死亡率总体呈上升趋势[2],发病人群年轻化[3]。而急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)为AMI主要原因[4],严重危害健康。研究表明,经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)是治疗STEMI患者血运重建的首选方法[5],比溶栓治疗更有效[6-7]。越早期进行血运重建,STEMI患者的受益越大[8]。PCI每延迟1 h,STEMI患者死亡率增加10%[9]。因此,缩短PCI救治时间对提高抢救成功率和改善预后具有重要意义。
STEMI的救治延迟包括院前延迟和院内延迟[10]。院前延迟指患者症状发生到来院就诊的时间。院内延迟即患者从入院到PCI治疗的时间[11],通常用患者入院到首次球囊扩张的时间(DTB)表示,指南推荐为90 min以内[12]。院内延迟反映了医疗机构的救治水平,可通过管理措施予以改进,比患者延误更易矫正[13],对推动医院管理发展具有重要价值。本……
