高金波 李福伟 韩海霞 刘玮 曹顶国 雷秋霞 周艳 刘杰 仲菊

摘要：为探明断喙对汶上芦花鸡育雏育成期生产、生长性能的影响，本试验将2 000只1日龄汶上芦花鸡雏鸡随机分成两组，试验组于14日龄采用热刀断喙，对照组不进行断喙。2～7周龄间，测定体重、料重比、死淘率、胫长、龙骨长、胸宽等指标。结果表明：与对照组对比，试验组料重比降低，体重显著降低（P<0.05），死淘率增高；第3～5周龄时试验组胫长显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；两组之间的龙骨长和胸宽没有显著差异。说明断喙可以提高育雏育成期的饲料利用率，但对其生产、生长性能会有不利影响，建议14日龄时对汶上芦花鸡不进行热刀断喙。

关键词：汶上芦花鸡；育雏育成期；断喙；生产性能；生长性能

中图分类号：S831.4+4 文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2018）04-0116-04

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of beak trimming on production and growth performance of Wenshang barred chicken during the chickling period. Two thousand 1-day-old Wenshang barred chickens were randomly divided into two groups， and the test group was treated by artificial debeaking with knife heated at 14-day old， while the control group kept the original state. Some indicators such as body weight， ratio of feed to gain， death and culling rate， tibia length， keel length and chest width were measured and calculated from the age of 2 weeks to 7 weeks. The results showed that compared with the control group， the ratio of feed to gain of the test group decreased，the weight was significantly reduced （P<0.05）， and the death and culling rate increased. The tibia length of the test group was significantly shorter than that of the control group from the age of 3 weeks to 5 weeks （P<0.05）. There were no significant differences in keel length and chest width between the two groups （P<0.05）. The study indicated that beak trimming could improve the feed utilization rate of Wenshang barred chickens during the chickling period， but it had unfavorable effects on production and growth performance. It was recommended that Wenshang barred chicken should not be conducted beak trimming at the age of 14 days.

Keywords Wenshang barred chicken； Chickling period； Beak trimming； Production performance； Growth performance

斷喙是蛋鸡现代化集约生产中非常重要的管理技术之一，从20世纪60年代一直沿用至今。断喙可以减少蛋鸡的啄肛、啄羽等恶癖行为，另外还可以防止蛋鸡在采食时将饲料带出料槽造成饲料浪费，提高饲料报酬[1，2]。但在实际生产中，断喙操作及断喙不当对鸡群造成应激导致的死亡率增高、发育不良的现象屡见不鲜。

随着动物福利学和动物行为学的发展，断喙问题成为家禽养殖业争论的焦点。Gentle等发现断喙所导致的组织及神经损伤会给雏鸡带来急性或长期的疼痛[3]。孙桂荣等研究表明断喙应激后雏鸡免疫器官胸腺细胞内可看到细胞核明显的应激反应，即细胞核凝集致密，部分细胞核溶解（或者核质排空呈空泡状），并出现一定数量的凋亡和坏死。断喙给雏鸡带来的不良应激促使人们需要对断喙这一方法重新作出评价[4]。

汶上芦花鸡分布于山东省汶上县及附近地区，该鸡种因全身羽毛均为黑白相间、宽窄一致的斑纹，俗称“芦花鸡”。……