长穗偃麦草谷蛋白改良小麦品质的研究进展
2018-06-21王红日刘爱峰李豪圣翟胜男曹新有刘成刘建军赵振东宋健民郭军
王红日 刘爱峰 李豪圣 翟胜男 曹新有 刘成 刘建军 赵振东 宋健民 郭军
摘要:我国小麦优质基因源较单一,品种间同质化高问题日趋突出,亟需挖掘和利用携带新基因的优异育种资源。长穗偃麦草具有生长繁茂、种子蛋白质含量高、抗旱、抗寒、抗病、耐盐碱等优异性状,是小麦性状改良的重要基因库。本文从长穗偃麦草种属及基因组构成、长穗偃麦草高分子量谷蛋白(HMW-GS)在小麦遗传改良中的应用和长穗偃麦草HMW-GS与小麦HMW-GS的遗传关系三个方面进行了综述,并对其进行了展望,以期为长穗偃麦草HMW-GS在小麦遗传改良中的应用奠定基础。
关键词:小麦;长穗偃麦草;高分子量谷蛋白亚基;遗传改良
中图分类号:S512.103.2文献标识号:A文章编号:1001-4942(2018)04-0154-06
Abstract The sources of high quality genes in wheat are more singleness and the problem of homogenization between varieties is becoming more and more serious in China. Therefore, it is necessary to excavate and utilize excellent breeding resources carrying new genes. Thinopyrum elongatum with many excellent characteristics, such as grow prolifically, high seed protein content and drought, cold, disease and saline-alkaline resistances, is the important gene pool for wheat improvement. We summarized and prospected three parts in this paper including genome composition of Thinopyrum elongatum and its species, the application of HMW-GS from Thinopyrum elongatum in wheat improvement and the genetic relationship between HMW-GS genes from Thinopyrum elongatum and wheat respectively. It was hoped that the results could lay foundations for wheat improvement by HMW-GS from Thinopyrum elongatum.
Keywords Wheat; Thinopyrum elongatum; High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS); Genetic improvement
小麥面粉能够制作成面条、馒头、面包、糕点等多种食品,满足不同地区、不同民族的消费需求,这主要是由储藏蛋白决定的。小麦储藏蛋白由醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白组成,谷蛋白由高分子量谷蛋白亚基(high molecular weight glutenin subunits,HMW-GS)和低分子量谷蛋白亚基(low molecular weight glutenin subunits,LMW-GS)构成,高分子量谷蛋白亚基在面包烘烤品质中起着重要作用。因此,挖掘、利用优异的高分子量谷蛋白亚基基因和创制优质小麦种质资源,对于高产优质小麦新品种培育具有重要意义。
普通小麦包含众多近缘植物,如偃麦草、黑麦、山羊草、斯卑尔脱小麦、西藏半野生小麦、玛卡小麦等,这些物种中含有丰富的HMW-GS基因[1,2]。从小麦近缘植物中,如长穗偃麦草,挖掘和转移利用这些HMW-GS基因是改良小麦品质的重要途径之一[3-6]。……
