王维华 赵金山 刘华伟 李海梅 邹晓霞

摘要：为探寻乳酸菌肥对不同盐胁迫下土壤微生物的影响并为盐碱地改良利用提供参考，本研究根据土壤盐化分级标准，配制非盐（0.8 g/kg）、低盐（1.9 g/kg）、中盐（2.7 g/kg）、高盐（4.7 g/kg）4个盐梯度土壤，各盐胁迫梯度下分别设置乳酸菌肥（15 L/hm2）和空白对照两个处理，研究土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌数量。结果表明，乳酸菌肥处理后，低盐胁迫下土壤细菌数量与对照差异不显著，非盐条件、中盐及高盐胁迫下细菌数量均极显著高于对照，分别提高213.3%、132.6%、144.4%；施用乳酸菌肥后，高、中、低盐胁迫及非盐条件下放线菌数量均显著高于对照（P<0.05），分别提高119.4%、125.9%、82.7%和126.3%；乳酸菌肥处理的非盐条件和低盐胁迫下真菌数量均显著高于对照（P<0.05），分别提高103.2%、31.2%，但中盐、高盐胁迫下差异不显著。综上，乳酸菌肥可以提高盐胁迫下土壤微生物活性，可为盐碱地开发利用与改良提供参考。

关键词：乳酸菌肥；盐胁迫；土壤微生物

中图分类号：S144.1文獻标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2018）04-0048-04

Abstract To explore the effects of lactic acid bacteria fertilizer on soil microorganisms under different salt stress and provide references for the improvement of saline-alkaline soil， according to the soil salinization classification standard， the treatments with lactic acid bacteria and blank control（CK） were conducted respectively under normal salinity （0.8 g/kg）， low salinity （1.9 g/kg）， moderate salinity （2.7 g/kg） and heavy salinity （4.7 g/kg）. The number of bacteria， actinomyces and fungi in soil were detected in the experiment. The results showed that the number of soil bacteria with lactic acid bacteria fertilizer treatment had no significant difference with that of CK under low salinity， but extremely significantly increased under normal， moderate and heavy salinity， and increased by 213.3%， 132.6% and 144.4% compared with CK. The number of actinomycetes under lactic acid bacteria fertilizer treatment increased significantly under different salinity， which increased by 126.3%， 82.7%， 125.9% and 119.4% respectively under normal， low， moderate and heavy salinity compared with CK. Under normal and low salinity， the number of fungi with lactic acid bacteria fertilizer treatment increased significantly， which increased by 103.2% and 31.2% respectively compared with CK， but the differences were not significant between moderate and heavy salinity stress. In conclusion， lactic acid bacteria fertilizer improved the activities of soil microorganisms under salt stress， and the results provided the bases for the development， utilization and improvement of saline-alkaline soil.

Keywords Lactic acid bacteria fertilizer；Salt stress；Soil microorganism

土壤盐碱化是当前农业土地资源利用中的突出问题[1，2]。盐碱土理化性状具体表现为：“瘦”，土壤肥力低，营养元素缺乏[3，4]；“板”，土壤板结，容重高，透性差[5]；“生”，土壤生物性差，微生物数量少、活性低[6]。盐碱土土壤理化性状不良，严重制约土地生产力、限制作物的生长。

土壤微生物在维持土壤结构、提高土壤养分有效性中发挥着积极作用[7]。微生物的组成、活性及代谢途径的变化将直接影响土壤特性[8]。而微生物群落和功能多样性有利于土壤养分的转化和有效化[9]，是提高植物生产力的重要驱动因素[10]，影响着土壤生态功能的关键过程[11]。微生物肥（microbial manure）是由一种或数种有益微生物、培养基质和添加物（载体）配制而成的生物性肥料，通称菌肥，是一种间接性肥料[12，13]。微生物肥料对农业生产起重要作用[14，15]，研究发现微生物菌剂在改善盐碱土壤理化性状和提高土地生产力方面有显著效果。……