朱倩 孟自力 闫向泉 倪雪峰 朱伟

摘要：以高产冬小麦商麦156为试材，以郑麦0943、周麦27、西农979为对照品种，综合研究其干物质积累规律及产量构成特点。结果表明：商麦156花前干物质积累量大，向非经济器官中分配比例低，向经济器官中分配比例高，成熟期籽粒干物质积累量达1.62 g/茎，分别较郑麦0943、西农979、周麦27提高13.29%、18.25%、19.12%，且差异均达到显著水平；花后干物质转运量（5 340.86 kg/hm2）、转运率（43.23%）及对籽粒的贡献率（61.12%）大，穗数中等，穗粒数（37.60粒）和千粒重（42.30 g）相对较高，产量表现为商麦156>周麦27>郑麦0943>西农979，商麦156产量分别较三个对照高5.67%、9.97%、18.85%。因此，干物质源足、库大、转运流畅是商麦156实现高产的主要因素。

关键词：商麦156；冬小麦；干物质积累；产量结构

中图分类号：S512.1+10.1文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2018）04-0033-04

Abstract Zhengmai 0943， Zhoumai 27 and Xinong 979 were used as control materials， and high-yield winter wheat variety Shangmai 156 was used as test material to study its dry matter accumulation law and yield component traits. The results showed that Shangmai 156 had large quantities of dry matter before flowering， low distribution proportion in non-economic organs and high distribution proportion in economic organs. Its dry matter accumulation in grains during mature period reached 1.62 g per stem and increased by 13.29%，18.25%，19.12% compared with Zhengmai 0943，Xinong 979 and Zhoumai 27 with significant differences. The dry matter translocation amount（5 340.86 kg/hm2）， translocation rate （43.23%） and contribution rate to grain（61.12%） were the highest after flowering. And the ear number was medium，but the grain number（37.60） per spike and the thousand kernel weight （42.30 g） were relatively higher. The yields of different varieties showed as Shangmai 156>Zhoumai 27>Zhengmai 0943>Xinong 979，and that of Shangmai 156 was 5.67%， 9.97% and 18.85% higher compared to the control materials respectively. Therefore， enough dry matter source， large sink and smooth transportation was the main factors to achieve high yield for Shangmai 156.

Keywords Shangmai 156；Winter wheat； Dry matter accumulation； Yield components

隨着人口增长和可耕地面积日益减少，不断提高作物单产是保障粮食总量增长的关键[1]。作物产量主要源于光合作用，而光合作用的最终产物是干物质，因此干物质的积累、分配及转运与经济产量的形成密切相关[2-4]。冬小麦是我国黄淮海平原最重要的粮食作物之一。商麦156是商丘市农林科学院选育的中晚熟半冬性小麦品种，经大面积实收测产，单产达10 000 kg/hm2，具有较高的丰产潜力。本试验以商麦156为试材，以其它3个不同类型的冬小麦品种为对照，分析商麦156干物质积累规律及产量构成特点，以期为高产冬小麦品种选育提供理论依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

选用商麦156（半冬性、中晚熟品种）为试材，以河南近年大面积种植的3个不同类型冬小麦品种为对照，即郑麦0943（半冬性、中晚熟品种）、周麦27（半冬性、中熟品种）、西农979（半冬性、早熟品钟）。