葛红娟 万述伟 黄粤 马荣群 王桂莲 王珍青 孙吉禄 沙广利 张世忠

摘要：本研究以圆叶海棠1年生枝条为试材，采用硬枝扦插技术，探索河沙、混合基质（草炭∶珍珠岩∶蛭石为2∶2∶1）、草炭土3种介质对新梢生长与新生根发育的影响。结果表明：在3种介质处理下，圆叶海棠新梢萌动均从第2周开始，基部愈伤组织的发育均从第3周开始。草炭土扦插效果最佳，混合基质次之。第5周圆叶海棠的新梢枝数、长度、粗度、鲜重在草炭土处理下达到最大，均值分别为3.67个、49.54 mm、2.02 mm、1.2 g；新生根数、长度、粗度也以草炭土处理表现最好，均值分别为37.00条、32.09 mm、1.33 mm；第5周草炭土处理下的新梢鲜重和新生根数、长度、粗度，与其它两种介质处理相比分别达到极显著水平，其余差异不显著。

关键词：苹果；砧木；扦插硬枝；新梢生长；新生根发育；介质

中图分类号：S661.4文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2018）04-0029-04

Abstract Using annual branches selected from Malus prunifolia as materials， the effects of river sand， mixed substrate（turfy∶perlite∶vermiculite=2∶2∶1） and turfy soil as mediums on new shoot growth and root development were studied by hardwood cuttings technology in the study. The results showed that in the three kinds of mediums， the new shoots began to germinate from the second week， and the basal callus developed from the third week. The turfy soil as medium had the best cuttage effect， and the mixed substrate was next. The numbers， length， diameter and fresh weight of new shoots from Malus prunifolia reached the maximum with the turfy soil treatment at the fifth week， and their mean values were 3.67， 49.54 mm， 2.02 mm and 1.2 g. The numbers， length and diameter of the new roots also showed the best performance in turfy soil at the fifth week， and the mean values were 37.00， 32.09 mm and 1.33 mm. At the fifth week， the fresh weight of the new shoots and the numbers， length and diameter of the new roots reached a very significant level respectively compared with the other two kinds of mediums， but the other indexes had no significant differences.

Keywords Apple； Rootstock； Hardwood cuttings； New shoot growth； New root development； Medium

扦插繁殖具有操作简单、能够保持母树优良遗传性状、育苗周期短、繁殖系数高、技术设备简单、成本低等优点，是无性繁殖的重要方式，在生产中应用广泛[1-3]。圆叶海棠是日本培育苹果苗木最常用的一种基砧，其显著特點是硬枝可扦插繁育。与我国传统的新疆野苹果、八棱海棠及山定子相比，扦插成活率可达90%以上，且生长量大、抗逆性强、嫁接亲和性好，是良好的扦插试验材料。有关生根剂、介质、环境等因素对硬枝扦插生根率、生根数量已有大量研究[4]，但就介质对硬枝扦插新梢生长与新生根发育的影响尚不清楚。本研究采用1年生圆叶海棠枝条为试材，应用硬枝扦插技术，探索不同介质对新梢生长和新生根发育的影响，以筛选适合硬枝扦插的最优介质。……