李伟 张彦威 林延慧 张礼凤 王彩洁 张军 徐冉

摘要：品种更新对大豆产量提升和品质改良具有重要作用。本研究统计了2005—2017年山东省审定的41个大豆品种的10项农艺和品质指标，并对其演变情况和相关性进行分析。结果表明：山东省近年审定品种产量水平呈显著上升趋势，平均每年提高74.73 kg·hm-2，百粒重平均每年提高0.19 g，单株粒数平均每年提高2.09粒，株高、主茎节数呈下降趋势，生育期和有效分枝基本不变；高产品种单株粒数、百粒重显著较高，增加单株粒重可能是进一步提高产量潜力的关键；山东省近年审定品种蛋白含量和蛋脂总量呈上升趋势，油分稍有下滑。相关分析表明单株粒数与蛋白含量极显著负相关，百粒重与蛋白含量极显著正相关，协调产量与品质的关系将是大豆遗传改良研究的重点。

关键词：山东省；大豆；品种；产量；品质；演变

中图分类号：S565.1文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2018）04-0016-06

Abstract Renovation of soybean variety plays an important role in increasing yield and improving quality. In this study， ten agronomic and quality traits of 41 soybean cultivars approved in Shandong Province during 2005-2017 were counted and their evolution and correlation were analyzed. The results showed that their yields showed a significant increasing trend， and the mean annual increment was 74.73 kg·hm-2. Their mean 100-seed weight and seed number per plant increased yearly by 0.19 g and 2.09. The plant height and nodes of main stem showed decreasing trends. Their growth period and effective branches were almost invariant. The seed number per plant and 100-seed weight were both higher in high-yield varieties， which indicated that the key to further improving the potential yield might be the increasing of seed weight per plant. Their protein content and protein plus oil content increased， but oil content decreased slightly. According to correlation analysis， it was indicated that seed number per plant had negative correlation with protein content and 100-seed weight had positive correlation with protein content. It might be the key to soybean genetic improvement to coordinate the relationship between yield and quality.

Keywords Shandong Province； Soybean； Variety； Yield； Quality； Evolution

大豆是我國重要的粮、油、饲兼用作物，在国民经济发展和保障国家粮食与食品安全中具有重要的战略作用。山东省曾是黄淮海大豆种植面积最大的省份，20世纪50年代曾高达225.63×104 hm2，近年维持在20×104 hm2左右，单产2 490.3 kg·hm-2以上，总产50×104 t左右[1，2]。目前山东省大豆种植面积、单产、总产均居全国前列，研究山东省近年审定大豆品种性状演变对山东省乃至全国大豆新品种培育及生产具有重要的指导意义。

品种更新对单产的提升具有重要作用。加拿大1934—1976年大豆产量平均每年提高9.3 kg·hm-2，1977—1992年平均每年提高13 kg·hm-2[3]。Wilcox[4]研究表明，美国北部和加拿大地区不同熟期组的大豆品种产量分别以21.6～30.6 kg·hm-2的速度增长。……