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正交试验优化超声波辅助提取石榴皮渣中果胶

2018-06-07孟凡磊孙乐乐张立华

湖北农业科学 2018年7期

孟凡磊 孙乐乐 张立华

摘要:以石榴(Punica granatum L.)皮渣为原料,超声波辅助酸溶醇沉提取果胶,优化超声辅助提取石榴果胶的条件,为进一步开发利用石榴加工副产物提供依据。在单因素基础上,采用正交试验分析提取温度、提取时间、料液比、水酸比对果胶得率的影响。结果表明,在超声波频率为45 GHz下,提取温度55 ℃,提取时间75 min,水酸比为6∶1(mL∶mL)加入2 mol/L的亚硫酸,料液比1∶50(g∶mL),果胶得率达到34.41%。超声波辅助法提取石榴皮渣中果胶,得率较高,有开发价值。

关键词:石榴(Punica granatum L.)皮渣;果胶;超声波提取

中图分类号:TS255.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2018)07-0100-04

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.07.023

Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Pectin from Pomegranate Pomace by Orthogonal Experiments

MENG Fan-lei1,SUN Le-le2,ZHANG Li-hua2

(1.Zao Zhuang Vocational College,Zaozhuang 277800,Shandong,China;2.Zao Zhuang University,Zaozhuang 277160,Shandong,China)

Abstract: Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of acid-solution and alcohol precipitation was applied to extract pectin from pomegranate(Punica granatum L.) pomacel. The optimum conditions of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of pectin from pomegranate pomacel were determined and provided basis for further exploitation of by-products in pomegranate processing. Based on single factor test,orthogonal experiments were designed to optimize the influences of extracting temperature,extracting time,the ratio of solid to liquid and water to acid on the pectin yield. Results showed that at the ultrasonic frequency of 45 GHz,extracting temperature of 55 ℃, an extraction time of 75 min,water-acid ratio of 6∶1(mL∶mL),the add of sulphurous acid of 2 mol/L,solid-liquid ratio of 1∶50(g∶mL),the yield of pectin was 34.41%. By the study of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of pectin from pomegranate pomace,the extraction rate was high and pomegranate pomace had very high value of development and utilization.

Key words: pomegranate(Punica granatum L.) pomace;pectin;ultrasonic-assisted extraction

果胶是一类富含半乳糖醛酸的植物细胞壁多糖的总称[1],廣泛存在于植物细胞壁的初生壁和细胞中间片层[2]。果胶是一种极具价值的水溶性膳食纤维,具有降血脂、降胆固醇、抗辐射、吸附重金属离子、润肠通便等作用,还可被大肠中的肠道菌群发酵生成短链的脂肪酸,降低肠道pH,杀死有害菌,并促进有益菌增殖[3],也有研究表明果胶能够起到预防癌症的作用[4]。果胶作为天然食品添加剂和保健品,已广泛应用于食品、医药保健品和一些化妆品中。目前,国内的果胶需求量在5 000 t/年左右,其中80%来自进口,国内果胶生产能力不足,且产品质量较进口果胶要差,商业化生产果胶的原料主要是柑橘皮及苹果皮[5]。此外,有大量研究从豆腐柴[6]、香蕉皮[7]、向日葵[8]、甘薯[9,10]及薜荔籽[11,12]等副产物中提取果胶。根据不完全统计,中国石榴(Punica granatum L.)栽植总面积共6.7万hm2,居于世界第一位[13],其中山东枣庄的石榴种植规模最大,种植面积约1万hm2,品种50多个,年产量约68 000 t。……

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