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玉米灰斑病和大斑病防控药效试验

2018-06-07郭元平张世洪肖能武陈燕龚世飞崔鹏宋伟

湖北农业科学 2018年7期

郭元平 张世洪 肖能武 陈燕 龚世飞 崔鹏 宋伟

摘要:采用双因素试验设计,分别采用4种不同药剂、3种不同施药次数开展对玉米灰斑病和大斑病药效防控试验。结果表明,防控玉米灰斑病和大斑病施用药剂以A2即苯甲·丙环唑(水乳剂)为最优,一次施药即可,通过防控病害能达到较好的增产效果。药剂A1即杜帮·克露(杀菌剂)和药剂A3即三唑酮(可湿性粉剂)施药3次也能较好地防控灰斑病,但对大斑病防治效果不佳,有一定增产效果。实际生产中推荐使用药剂A2即苯甲·丙环唑(水乳剂)、用量750 mL/hm2(有效成分苯醚甲环唑含量15%、丙环唑含量15%),在玉米植株抽雄后及时施药1次。

关键词:玉米;灰斑病;大斑病;防控药效

中图分类号:S513;S482 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2018)07-0058-03

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.07.013

Experimental Study on Protection and Control of Maize Gray Leaf Spot and

Large Leaf Spot

GUO Yuan-ping1,ZHANG Shi-hong1,XIAO Neng-wu1,2,CHEN Yan1,GONG Shi-fei1,CUI Peng1,SONG Wei1

(1.Hubei Shiyan City of Agricultural Sciences,Shiyan 442000,Hubei,China;

2.Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Inclustry,Yangyze University,Jingzhou 434025,Hubei,China)

Abstract: The effects of four different pesticides and three different modes of application on the control of grey leaf spot and large leaf spot in maize were conducted with two-factor design to determine. The results indicated that the best potion against grey leaf spot and large leaf spot in maize is Benzoyl propiazole (water emulsion) (A2),and it could prevent disease and increase production effectively with one application. Applied DuPont klou (fungicide) (A1) and triadimefon (wettable powder) (A3) three times can prevent grey leaf spot disease and increase yield in some degree but without good effect for large leaf spot. We suggested producers spray A2(difenoconazole 15%,propiconazole 15%) 750 mL/hm2 one time after plant sampling in the process of practical production.

Key words: maize;grey leaf spot;large leaf spot;effect of prevention and control

玉米灰斑病自1991年在中國辽宁省发生以来,迅速向南传播[1],湖北省自2007年始发现该病害,2008年在恩施土家族苗族自治州开始大面积暴发。该病害严重发生在二高山地区[2],目前已成为湖北省玉米生产上发展最迅猛、危害最严重的病害之一[3],该病轻者减产5%~30%,重者减产80%,甚至绝收[4,5]。为此,笔者组织开展了玉米灰斑病药剂防治效果试验研究,旨在保证玉米生产的安全性。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验设计

试验在湖北省房县红塔镇进行。采用双因素试验设计,A因素(不同供试药剂)分3个水平,A1即杜邦·克露(杀菌剂)、每次用量2 700 g/hm2(有效成分代森锰锌含量64%、霜脲氟含量8%),A2即苯甲·丙环唑(水乳剂)、每次用量750 mL/hm2(有效成分苯醚甲环唑含量15%、丙环唑含量15%),A3即三唑酮(可湿性粉剂)、每次用量1 350 g/hm2(有效成分粉锈宁含量15%);……

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