李金文 熊又升 鲁寒英 周志远 刘威 徐大兵 陈从良

摘要：为优化以农作物秸秆为主体制备水稻育苗营养基质过程中的原料体积比、发酵时间和酸碱度等技术问题，以秸秆和啤酒淤泥为原料，开展了不同原料体积比好氧混堆发酵试验和单质调酸剂及复合调酸剂的筛选试验，并评价其在水稻育苗上的应用效果。结果表明，秸秆与啤酒淤泥的体积比为1∶1或1∶2堆混发酵时间相对较短，比一般发酵时间缩短7 d；与其他调酸剂处理相比，10 g/kg硫磺调酸剂对降低堆肥基质的酸度效果，以及基质质量百分比为2%石膏+3%普钙的复合调酸剂对降低及稳定水稻育苗基质酸度效果较好；堆肥基质应用效果证明基质配方为处理4（70%有机料+10%草炭+10%蛭石+5%腐植酸+1%石膏+4%普钙）的养分均衡、理化性状和保水保肥性能好，能满足中国南方地区早春低温旱育秧和机械插秧机的要求。

关键词：农作物秸秆；啤酒淤泥；堆肥；性状调控；水稻育苗基质

中图分类号：S14 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2018）07-0054-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.07.012

Properties Regulation of Compost-based Media Mixed With Straw and Beer Sludge and Evaluation of Its Applied Effects on Rice Seedling Growth

LI Jin-wen1，XIONG You-sheng2，LU Han-ying1，ZHOU Zhi-yuan1，LIU Wei2，XU Da-bing2，CHEN Cong-liang1

（1.Wuhan Riqing Bio-scientific Limited Company，Wuhan 430040，China；

2.Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer Institute，Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Wuhan 430064，China）

Abstract： In order to optimize the volume ratio of different raw material，fermentation time and pH value in the process of preparation of rice seedling nutrition substrate， which utilizing crop straw as the main raw material，several experiment were conducted. Firstly，an aerobic fermentation test experiment was conducted using different volume ratio of crop residues to beer sludge to study the optimal fermenting technical conditions. Secondly，a screening experiment was conducted with different acidity regulators to reduce the pH value of compost substrate. And then，a growth experiment was conducted to evaluate its applied effects on rice seedling growth. The results indicated that the optimal conditions of the fermentation could be volume ratio of crop residues to beer sludge of 1∶1 or 1∶2，which could reduce the fermentation time by 7 days as compared with the normal. 10 g/kg sulfur were the best individual acidity regulators，and the optimal formula of compound acidity regulator was 2% gypsum mixed with 3% superphosphate. The application effects of compost testified that of group 4 matrix formula of nutrient（70% organic material+10% turf+10% vermiculite+5% humic acid+1% gesso+4% superphosphate） was balance and good in properties of physical and chemical and retention of water and nutrient. It could meet the low temperature in early spring and dry seedling and demand for trans-planter machine in southern China.

Key words： crop straw； beer-sludge； compost； properties regulation； rice seedling nutrition substrate

近年來，随着水稻种植机插旱育秧面积的扩大和技术的普及，水稻育秧基质显得尤为重要[1-3]。目前，与插秧机配套的是标准硬盘育秧，大多数地区主要采用从农田耕层取土、晒干粉碎，再添加营养剂、育秧剂等配制成营养土，然后装盘、播种育秧。采用营养土作为育秧基质存在取土量大、取土困难、容易发生土传病害、除草剂残留影响出苗等问题，同时，严重破坏了中国耕地土壤资源并对周围生态环境造成负面影响，不利于机插水稻秧的大面积推广。……