有机肥与化肥配施对结球甘蓝生长特性、产量及品质的影响
2018-06-07汪新胜陆玲李拥军汤亚东袁伟玲
汪新胜 陆玲 李拥军 汤亚东 袁伟玲



摘要:以结球甘蓝(Brassica oleracea L.)绿丰为试验材料,采用田间小区试验方法研究了有机肥与化肥配施对结球甘蓝生长特性、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与当地常规施肥对照相比,适量减施化肥、增施有机肥、添加功能微生物,结球甘蓝株高、株幅、球高、球径、中心柱长和宽均增加,产量提高了10.92%~18.49%;叶球中硝酸盐含量、粗纤维和有机酸含量降低,可溶性糖、VC含量和氨基酸含量增加。
关键词:甘蓝(Brassica oleracea L.);肥料配比;生长特性;产量;品质
中图分类号:S635.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2018)07-0022-03
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.07.005
Effects of Combined Application of Organic Manure and Chemical Fertilizer on Growth,Yield and Quality of the Cabbage
WANG Xin-sheng1,LU Ling1,LI Yong-jun1,TANG Ya-dong1,YUAN Wei-ling2
(1.Xiaogan City Academy of Agricultural Science,Xiaogan 432100,Hubei,China;
2.Institute of Economic Crop,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science,Wuhan 430064,China)
Abstract: Taking the cabbage(Brassica oleracea L.) variety Lufeng as the material,the effects of combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on growth,yield and quality of the cabbage were studied by the field experiment. The results showed that,compared with normal application of fertilizer control,appropriate decreasing application of chemical fertilizer,increasing organic fertilizer and adding microbial could increase plant height,plant width,ball height,ball diameter,center column length and width,and the cabbage yield increased by 10.92% to 18.49%;the content of nitrate in leaf ball,crude fiber and organic acid decreased,soluble sugar,VC content and amino acid content increased.
Key words: cabbage(Brassica oleracea L.); fertilizer ratio; growth characteristics; yield; quality
蔬菜是湖北省最具竞争力的优势农产品之一,湖北省瓜菜面积127万hm2,产量3 950万t,产值1 070亿元,占种植业总产值的34%,在全省种植业中居首位。蔬菜产业已经成为全省农业经济的重要支柱。化肥是保障湖北省蔬菜有效供给不可替代的投入品,肥料对蔬菜作物增产的贡献率高达50%以上[1]。然而湖北省蔬菜生产过程中化肥过量施用和盲目施用情况比较严重。过量和不合理施用化肥易带来了土壤板结、酸化、肥料利用率不高,环境污染和生态平衡破坏等一系列问题,严重威胁着蔬菜产量和品质及农业生态环境安全[1,2]。而有机肥含有蔬菜生长所需的大量元素和中、微量元素,能满足蔬菜各个生育阶段对养分的需求。此外,有机肥还富含氨基酸、蛋白质、脂肪、胡敏酸等有机养分,可直接被根系吸收或分解后作为蔬菜作物重要的营养源[3-6]。本试验以结球甘蓝(Brassica oleracea L.)绿丰为材料,研究有机肥和化肥配施对结球甘蓝生长特性、产量和品质的影响,以期为结球甘蓝科学施肥提供理论依据。……
