中国植物入侵防治研究
2018-06-07王旭萍刘强
王旭萍 刘强

摘要:近年来,随着经济一体化进程和国家间贸易自由化进程的加快推动,植物入侵已经成为全球性问题,入侵植物不仅对当地的生态系统、生物多样性破坏严重且威胁人类健康,造成了巨大的经济损失。作为遭受生物入侵最为严重的国家之一,中国对入侵植物的防治工作也取得了一定成效。通过对入侵植物防治方法、入侵假说的阐述以及对7种典型入侵植物相关防治研究的介绍,对比不同入侵植物各种防治方法及其成效,更加直观地展示各种防治手段的优缺点。对入侵植物的防治提出建议,以期为防治工作提供参考。
关键詞:植物入侵;防治方法;防治成效;生物多样性;生态灾难
中图分类号:Q16 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2018)07-0005-06
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.07.001
Review of Research on Invasive Plant Control in China
WANG Xu-ping,LIU Qiang
(College of Life Science, Hainan Normal University,Haikou 571158,China)
Abstract: In recent years, with the accelerated process of economic integration and the promoted process between national trade liberalization,plant invasion has become a global problem. Invasive plants have caused severe damage to the local ecosystem, biodiversity,and poses a threat to human health,and also brought huge economic losses. As one of the countries which suffered from biological invasion seriously,the prevention of invasive plants in China is also in an orderly way. With the deepening of the work of prevention and controlling,our country has also achieved some success. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods are showed intuitively by introducing and comparing the controlling methods of seven typical invasive plants. Finally,suggestions on the invasive plant controlling are put forward so as to provide reference for the prevention and control work.
Key words: invasive plant;control methods;effect of controlling;biodiversity;ecocatastrophe
植物入侵是指植物由原产地经过自然或人为的途径侵入到另外一个环境中,成活、繁殖形成野化种群,并对入侵地的生态环境和经济造成一定危害的现象[1]。入侵植物对不利环境有较好的耐受能力,且具有较强的竞争能力,能更有效地利用入侵地的资源,以排挤本土植物的生长。此外,大多数入侵植物还具有化感作用,可以抑制周围其他植物的生长,从而降低当地的生物多样性,形成单优群落。目前,中国有265种外来植物,其中包括108种杂草,且至少58种外来植物破坏了农林业的发展[1]。随着中国科技经济的飞速发展,对外贸易的强度增大,都为生物入侵创造了更多机会,当前种类繁多、数量庞大、广泛散布的入侵植物已经给国家带来了巨大的经济损失。……
