李小炜 田丽 白春梅 李晓韬

摘要：采用不同量有机肥作为基肥，研究有机肥对沙区玉米（Zea mays L.）拔节期生长及生理性状的影响。结果表明，随着有机肥施用量的加大，拔节期玉米株高、茎粗、干物质积累量、叶绿素SPAD、N含量、P含量、K含量和光合特征等指标总体呈增加趋势。其中，有机肥施用量在6 750 kg/hm2左右，玉米株高、干重、叶绿素SPAD、光合特征、N含量、P含量、K含量等各项指标达到最佳状态，故施用6 750 kg/hm2左右有机肥作为基肥，是榆林沙区拔节期玉米生长的最佳施肥量。试验也表明，干旱地区施用有机肥，能提高水分生产效率，节约水源。

关键词：玉米（Zea mays L.）；有机肥；拔节期；生长；榆林沙区

中图分类号：S513 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2018）07-0044-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.07.010

Effects of Different Organic Fertilizer Application Rates on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Drip Irrigated Maize at Jointing Stage in Yulin Sandy Area

LI Xiao-wei1，TIAN Li1，BAI Chun-mei2，LI Xiao-tao1

（1.Yulin University，Yulin 719000，Shaanxi，China；2.Yulin Eighth Middle School，Yulin 719000，Shaanxi，China）

Abstract： Treatment with different amount of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer，the effects of organic fertilizer on the growth and physiological characters of maize（Zea mays L.） jointing stage at arid area were studied. The results showed that the plant height，stem diameter，dry matter accumulation，chlorophyll SPAD，N，P，K content and photosynthetic characteristics of maize at jointing stage showed an increasing trend with the increase of organic fertilizer application amount. When the fertilization amount of 6 750 kg/hm2，plant height，dry weight， chlorophyll SPAD，photosynthetic characteristics，N，P，the K content of growth，physiological indicators achieved the best condition，so the application of 6 750 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer as base fertilizer was the optimum fertilization in Yulin Sandy Area at jointing stage of maize growth. The experiment also showed that applying organic fertilizer in arid area could improve water production efficiency and save water source.

Key words： maize（Zea mays L.）； organic fertilizer； jointing stage； growth； Yulin Sandy Area

榆林北部為毛乌素南缘风沙草滩区，面积约15 800 km2，占陕西省榆林市总面积的30%左右，属于农牧交错地带，气候干旱少雨，低温，特别是农田生态环境脆弱[1]。在沙区玉米（Zea mays L.）种植过程中，存在土地贫瘠、保水保肥效率低下、化肥使用过多、肥料利用率低下、成本高、产量低、土壤理化结构进一步恶化等问题[2，3]。施用有机肥能够给玉米提供大、中、微量元素均衡营养，显著提高产量，改善土壤物理结构，增加土壤肥力[4，5]，维持沙区农业生态环境，促进沙区玉米栽培、土地利用的可持续发展。

绿肥是传统农业与现代农业的有机结合体[6]，是一种可再生资源，含有优质的营养成分，对提高玉米的产量和品质有很大的促进作用[7-9]，也为合理使用有机肥资源，有机肥替代部分化肥，实现2020年化肥使用零增长目标做出贡献[10]。……