自身免疫性疾病引起脑梗死的发病机制的研究进展
2018-04-26彭斐斐陈梅玲
彭斐斐 陈梅玲
[摘要]脑梗死是最常见的脑血管疾病,其病死率高,致残率高,易复发,因此脑梗死的高危因素的筛查至为重要。脑梗死最常见的高危因素有高血脂、高血压、糖尿病、TIA发作、吸烟、饮酒、心脏疾病、肥胖、既往脑梗死病史等。但临床上有一些不具备脑梗死危险因素的患者却发生脑梗死,说明还有其他因素可引起脑梗死,如一些隐源性因素:先天性卵圆孔未闭、自身免疫性疾病、遗传、避孕药、偏头痛等。本文主要对自身免疫性疾病引起脑梗死的机制进行综述。
[关键词]脑梗死;自身免疫性疾病;发病机制
[中图分类号] R743.9 [文獻标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2018)2(a)-0025-04
[Abstract]Cerebral infarction is the most common cerebrovascular disease with high fatality rate,high disability rate,and it is easy to recur.Therefore, the screening of high-risk factors of cerebral infarction is of great importance.The most common risk factors for cerebral infarction such as: hyperlipidemia,hypertension,diabetes,TIA,smoking,drinking,heart disease,obesity,history of cerebral infarction,etc.But there are some cerebral infarction patients who do not have the risk factors of cerebral infarction,which indicates that there are other factors that can cause cerebral infarction,such as some cryptogenic factors:congenital patent foramen ovale,autoimmune diseases,inheritance,birth control pills,migraine,etc.This article is a review of the pathogenesis of cerebral infarction caused by autoimmune diseases.
[Key words]Cerebral infarction;Autoimmune disease;Pathogenesis
脑梗死通常与老龄相关,但在临床中所见的脑梗死可发生于各个年龄,有些患者具备脑梗死的危险因素,而一些患者则不具备脑梗死的危险因素。那些不具备脑梗死危险因素的患者常合并其他系统疾病,如自身免疫性疾病,在自身免疫性疾病中系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)及甲状腺疾病合并脑梗死已有较多报道,而类风湿关节炎、硬皮病、干燥综合征、皮肌炎等合并脑梗死的报道较少,这些疾病可能是引起脑梗死的危险因素。
1 SLE
SLE是一种病因不明的慢性特发性全身性自身免疫性疾病。SLE可累及全身多个脏器,也可使中枢神经系统受累,其中中枢神经系统损害中脑血管意外并不少见。脑血管事件是影响SLE患者远期存活的重要原因[1-2],脑梗死是重要的脑血管事件,已有较多关于SLE合并脑梗死的报道。
SLE引起脑梗死的机制尚不完全清楚,目前所发现的机制主要包括以下几个方面。……
