韩裕乐 王梅君

摘要：【目的】分析2012—2015年上海市浦东新区全年的手足口病发病特征，探讨手足口发病气象因素的关系，为制定针对性防控策略提供科学依据。【方法】收集2012—2015年浦东新区手足口病疫情资料及当地同期气象资料，利用描述性流行病学方法对资料进行描述，并探索二者的相关性。【结果】2012—2015年浦东新区手足口病累计发病数38707人，年均发病率为179.21/10万；就全年发病情况看存在明显峰值，发病人群均集中在散居儿童、幼拖儿童和学生，周发病数与平均气温、平均气压等气象因素有较强相关性；“梅雨时节”与非梅雨时节相比，周发病数、平均气温、平均气压等的差异有统计学意义。【结论】2012—2015年浦东新区手足口病相邻两年呈“一高一低”的发病趋势。“梅雨时节”的手足口病发病特征与全年比较差异有统计学意义，气象因素间的差异可能为重要的影响因素。

关键词：手足口病；梅雨时节；流行病学；气象因素

中图分类号：R183 文献标志码：A DOI：10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2018.18392

引用格式：韩裕乐，王梅君.上海市浦东新区手足口病发病特征与气象因素的关联[J].上海预防医学，2018，30（1）：55-58.

Epidemiological characteristics of hand，foot and mouth disease related with meteorological factors in Pudong New Area，Shanghai HAN Yu-le，WANG Mei-jun（Shanghai Nanmatou Community Health Service Centers，Shanghai 200125，China）

Abstract： [Objective] To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand，foot and mouth disease（HFMD） during 2012—2015，in Pudong New Area，Shanghai，to explore the occurrence regularity of HFMD during the plum rains season，and to find out the relationship between meteorological factors and incidence of HFMD，thus providing scientific basis for developing targeted prevention and control strategies. [Methods] Descriptive epidemiological methods were used for the relationship between characteristics of HFMD and the meteorological factors. [Results] In 2012—2015，the cumulative incidence of HFMD was 38707 in Pudong New Area，annual incidence being 179.21 （1/100000）.There was an obvious peak in the annual incidence，and the incidence was concentrated in scattered children，young children and students.Weekly incidence was strongly related with meteorological factors as average temperature，average air pressure and others.When plum rains season was compared with non-plum rains season，it was found that differences between incidence，temperature，atmospheric pressure and others for HFMD were of statistical significance. [Conclusion] From 2012 to 2015，the incidence of HFMD in Pudong new area showed an incidence trend of “one high and one low” in adjacent two years.Differences in epidemiological characteristics of HFMD showed statistical significance，between plum rains season and other seasons，which may be caused by different meteorological factors in plum rains season.

Keywords：hand，foot and mouth disease（HFMD）；the plum rains season；epidemiology；meteorological factors

手足口病（hand，foot and mouth disease，HFMD）是由腸道病毒引起的急性传染病，一般表现为发热和手、足、口等部位的皮疹或者疱疹，好发于5岁以下的婴幼儿，重症病例可导致死亡[1]。浦东新区作为上海市人口和经济大区，近年来，手足口病的发病率一直位居丙类传染病的首位，严重危害辖区内儿童的健康，研究其发病趋势有重要的现实意义。梅雨季节是上海市非常具有特征性的季节，这个季节的平均气温、平均气压、水汽压、降水量和相对温度都明显不同于非梅雨季节，有报道手足口病高发于梅雨季节，提示其发病与气象因素存在一定的相关性[2]。……