干细胞向耳蜗毛细胞分化的研究概况
2018-03-29李迪吴欣阳吴革平
李迪 吴欣阳 吴革平
[摘要] 内耳毛细胞作为感知和平衡声音的主要换能器,它的形成受损或缺失都会导致不同程度的听力障碍。在哺乳动物中,内耳毛细胞是一种终末分化的细胞,因此毛细胞的损伤或缺失是不可再生的,造成的听力障碍也是永久性的。目前,很多研究者希望通过体外培养干细胞诱导分化为毛细胞或者毛细胞样细胞(HCLs)的方式来治疗因毛细胞缺失引起的听力障碍。虽然干细胞是有前途的细胞治疗的来源,但目前很少研究能使干细胞诱导成有效的毛细胞;并且即使能诱导成毛细胞,但是成功移植并使其在正确的位置发挥正常的生理学功能也是目前面临的一项巨大挑战。在该综述中,总结干细胞向内耳毛细胞分化的研究现状。
[关键词] 感音神经性耳聋;内耳干细胞;胚胎干细胞;毛细胞
[中图分类号] R4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2018)01(b)-0196-03
[Abstract] The inner hair cells, as a major transducer of perceiving and balancing voices, its defect or loss can lead to different degrees of dysaudia. In the mammals, the inner hair cell is a kind of terminal differentiation cell, therefore, the injury or loss of hair cells is non-renewable, and the dysaudia is permanent. Currently, many researchers hope to treat the dysaudia caused by the loss of hair cells by in vitro culture of stem cells. Even though the stem cells are the origin of promising cells, there are few studies that can make the stem cells become the effective hair cells, even if it can be induced into the hair cells, the successful transplantation and making them give play to the normal physiology function in an accurate site is a great challenge, and we summarize the research status of cell differentiation from stem cells to cochlea hair cells in this paper.
[Key words] Sensorineural deafness; Inner ear stem cells; Embryonic stem cell; Hair cells
感音神經性耳聋是听力障碍疾病的统称,主要由于先天或后天性的内耳、听觉神经及听觉中枢病变,使传入内耳的声波不能被接收所引起的一种听力障碍。人类耳蜗包含内外两种毛细胞, 外毛细胞对声信号起到协调作用,内毛细胞把外界传入内耳的声信号转换成电信号,听觉神经元把接收到的电信号进一步传入听觉通道,进而传入听觉中枢[1]。人类的内耳毛细胞是一种终末分化的细胞,因此毛细胞的损伤或缺失是不可再生的,造成的听力障碍也是永久性的[2]。研究发现,哺乳动物的内耳毛细胞(HC)或与其下游的蜗神经元的损伤或丢失是导致听力障碍的主要原因。……
