资宏 杨婧瑜 方林川 周媛

摘要：选用杜鹃（Rhododendron）品种♂胭脂蜜（Rhododendron obtusum ‘Yanzhimi）×♀春五宝（Rhododendron hybridum ‘Chunwubao）杂交种子作为试验材料，研究了不同杀菌方式、不同培养基初代培养、不同生长调节剂、低温处理及光照条件对种子萌发与生长以及添加不同浓度生长调节剂的1/2 WPM培养基对杂交无菌苗生根率的影响。结果表明，杜鹃杂交种子的最佳杀菌方式为1.5% NaClO溶液处理10 min+75%乙醇处理30 s;在经过为期20 d的4 ℃低温处理，并添加浓度为100 mg/L GA3的1/2 WPM培养基中培养杜鹃杂交种子，其发芽率最高，达到56.7%;光照对杜鹃杂交种子的萌发起促进作用，光照处理下的种子萌发率高于黑暗处理，且种子萌发的时间提前3～7 d;添加了0.5 mg/L NAA、0.1 mg/L IBA的1/2 WPM培养基使杜鹃杂交无菌苗的生根率达到了最佳。

关键词：杜鹃（Rhododendron）;低温;无菌播种;发芽率;生根率;杂交不亲和

中图分类号：S681.9         文献标识码：A

文章编号：0439-8114（2018）22-0090-06

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.22.025           开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Abstract： Taking Rhododendron cultivar "Rhododendron obtusum‘Yanzhimi×Rhododendron hybridum‘Chunwubao" as experimental materials， the effects of different methods of disinfection， initial culture of different kinds of media，different plant growth regulators， low temperature treatment and light conditions on seed germination and the growth were studied， and the effects of 8 kinds of 1/2 WPM medium supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators on the rooting rate of hybrid sterile seedlings were also studied. The results showed that the optimum disinfection method for Rhododendron hybrid seeds was 1.5% NaClO solution for 10 min and 75% ethanol for 30 s. On the condition of 20 days low-temperature treatments at 4 ℃，and culturing Rhododendron hybrid seed with 100 mg/L GA3 in 1/2 WPM medium， the highest germination rate was got，and the value was 56.7%. Light irradiation promoted the germination of Rhododendron hybrid seed，the germination rate of seed under light treatment was higher than that of dark treatment，and the seed germination time was also 3～7 days earlier. On the condition of 1/2 WPM medium with 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.1 mg/L IBA，Rhododendron hybrid sterile seedling had the highest rooting rate.

Key words： Rhododendron; low temperature; aseptic sowing; germination rate; rooting rate; cross-incompatibility

杜鵑（Rhododendron）是杜鹃花科杜鹃花属常绿或落叶灌木，是中国的十大传统名花之一，也是世界著名的观赏花卉，素有木本花卉之王的称号[1]。因其极高的观赏价值，在园林中享有“花中西施”的美誉。中国是世界杜鹃花野生种质资源的发源地之一，是杜鹃花种群量最大的国家。全世界野生杜鹃花约1 000种，其中中国占有大约570种，包括特有种420种。而目前中国杜鹃花的园艺品种总数只有不到300种，其园艺栽培品种的培育任重道远。

杜鹃在自然条件下可通过种子繁殖，生产上常采用扦插、嫁接等方式繁殖，但这些方式繁殖系数低，繁殖速度慢，且同时受季节、生长环境、母株材料等限制，不适于大量的商业化生产[2]。……