石兰英 田新红 田新民 母长鹏 董凤

摘要：为探明土地利用方式对土壤养分的影响，以沼泽和玉米田为研究对象，对比分析了兴凯湖地区典型土地利用方式下的土壤养分状况。结果表明，土壤养分的含量变化存在明显规律，其中土壤pH的均值分布特征是玉米田>沼泽;土壤有机质含量是沼泽>玉米田;碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾是沼泽>玉米田，其中速效钾含量，沼泽约为玉米田的1.9倍。土壤养分的含量具有较大空间分异，其中沼泽土壤碱解氮、速效磷和土壤有机质变异性较高;玉米田土壤不同土层间变异系数速效磷最高，其他较低。Person相关分析表明，沼泽土壤碱解氮与Ni间呈极显著负相关;玉米田有机质与Zn和Cr间呈显著负相关，碱解氮与Zn间呈极显著负相关，其他指标与重金属间无显著相关性。

关键词：兴凯湖;沼泽;玉米田;土壤养分;利用方式

中图分类号：X53        文献标识码：A

文章编号：0439-8114（2018）22-0036-03

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.22.011           开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Abstract： In order to explore the effects of land use on soil nutrients，the soil nutrient status of the typical land use mode in Xingkai Lake area was compared and analyzed in the swamps and corn fields. The results showed that the change of soil nutrient content was obvious. The mean distribution of soil pH was corn field>swamp; Soil organic matter was content swamp>corn field; Alkali hydrolysable nitrogen，available phosphorus and quick available potassium as swamp>corn field，of which the content of available potassium was about 1.9 times that of the corn field. The content of soil nutrients had large spatial differentiation，and the variation of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen，available phosphorus and soil organic matter were higher in the swamp soil，and the variation coefficient of different soil layers in the corn soil was the highest，and the other was lower. Person correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen and Ni in swamp soil，and there was a significant negative correlation between soil organic matter and Zn and Cr in corn field. There was a significant negative correlation between alkali hydrolysable nitrogen and Zn，and there was no significant correlation between other soil nutrient indicators and heavy metals.

Key words： Xingkai Lake; swamp; corn field; soil nutrients; use types

土壤有機质、氮、磷和钾的含量是土壤肥力的重要指标，是农产品产量和品质的重要限制性因子[1，2]。人类活动影响土地利用方式，进而影响土壤生态环境及养分状况[3]。不合理的土地利用加重土壤侵蚀，降低土壤对外界环境的抵抗力。尤其是农业生产中的施肥、灌溉及其他生产管理措施对土壤养分空间变异有较大影响[4]。因此，研究不同土地利用方式对土壤养分状况的影响，对区域土地资源的合理培肥和有效利用具有重要意义。

兴凯湖国家级自然保护区是黑龙江省最大的自然保护区，为三江平原典型的沼泽集中分布区[5]，同时也是中国重要的商品粮战略后备基地和黑龙江省绿色食品产业战略区域[6]。近60……