青藏高原扇穗茅属的分类现状及种质资源收集
2018-02-13吕婷刘玉萍周勇辉苏旭
吕婷 刘玉萍 周勇辉 苏旭
摘要:扇穗茅属(Littledalea Hemsl.)是禾本科雀麦族中一个具有重要经济和生态价值的青藏高原特有属,属内大多数物种具有耐寒、耐旱、耐碱等特性,是农牧业上良种繁育和牧草利用的重要基因资源。该属记载有4个种,均分布于青藏高原。扇穗茅属物种形态变异复杂多样,种间界限模糊,演化关系问题较多,至今尚未得到有效解决。2015—2017年,调查了扇穗茅属物种在青藏高原的分布,并在种群水平上收集了其种子、DNA材料和标本,为将来研究和利用扇穗茅属提供了重要资源。
关键词:青藏高原;禾本科;扇穗茅属(Littledalea Hemsl.);分类现状;种质资源
中图分类号:Q948.2;Q949 文献标识码:A
文章编号:0439-8114(2018)22-0011-03
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.22.003 开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
Abstract: Littledalea is an endemic genus from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with importantly economic and ecological values in the tribe Bromeae of Poaceae. Most of Littledalea specieses are important germplasm resources for grass breeding and improving breeds for crops due to the characteristics of enduring cold,drought and alkali. All four specieses recognized within this genus are distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. However,many effectively unresolved taxonomic and evolutionary questions are present in Littledalea,such as complicated morphological variation,obscure interspecific boundary and phylogenetic relationships. In the past three years,the distribution of each species in the region were surveyed and germplasm resources on the population,including seeds, DNA materials and specimens,were collected. Therefore,these data provide an important resource for further utilizing and studying this genus.
Key words: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; poaceae; Littledalea Hemsl.; taxonomic review; germplasms
扇穗茅屬(Littledalea Hemsl.)是禾本科(Poaceae)雀麦族(Bromeae)的一个多年生高山特有属。该属植物根状茎匍匐或分枝;秆直立,丛生;叶鞘下部闭合,生短毛或粗糙;叶舌膜质,具短毛;叶耳长披针形;叶片线形,扁平或内卷,被毛或粗糙;圆锥花序疏松开展或退化成总状花序,分枝顶端着生1或2枚小穗;小穗大型,含3~11朵小花,顶生小花不育或退化;小穗轴脱节于颖上和数个小花之间,节间伸长,平滑或微粗糙;颖不等长,披针形,顶端尖,远短于其第一小花;第一颖具1~3脉,第二颖有3~5脉;外稃长而宽,椭圆状披针形,厚纸质,边缘宽膜质,具5~11脉,无芒,无脊,顶端钝,全缘或有缺刻,基盘钝圆;内稃窄披针形,甚短于外稃,脊上有纤毛或微粗糙;雄蕊3枚,花药甚长;子房顶端生柔毛,柱头无柄直接着生于子房顶端,呈长羽状;颖果长圆形,长6~7 mm。……
