解华云

摘要：【目的】通過不同长度茎段、不同基质进行扦插对比试验，探索不同茎段长度、不同基质对火龙果扦插的影响，确定适合火龙果种苗繁育的最佳扦插长度和扦插基质，为优质火龙果扦插育苗提供技术支持。【方法】以生长健壮的优质红肉自花结实率高的火龙果枝蔓为材料，比较不同长度茎段处理和6种不同基质对火龙果种苗发育的影响。【结果】扦插茎段不同长度处理试验中，20～2cm长度茎段处理的平均生根数和平均根长最长，分别为7.条和9.9cm，>30cm茎段处理的枝稍生长量最长，达17.4cm。1cm以上茎段处理抽稍均大于30个，100%抽稍，<10cm茎段处理抽稍数最少。不同基质对扦插生根的影响试验中，基质为椰糠厚20cm处理在平均根长、最大根长上表现最好，基质为河沙厚20cm处理的根系生长最差。扦插后60d，基质为椰糠沼气渣1∶1混合厚20cm处理的枝稍生长量最大，枝稍生长量最差的为基质上层河沙下层椰糠各厚10cm处理，E处理的抽稍数最多，基质为上层河沙下层沼气渣各厚10cm和基质为椰糠厚20cm处理抽稍数最少。【结论】不同长度茎段对生根数及根的生长影响不大，从10cm以下到30cm以上，各处理的平均生根数及根长差异不显著；在枝稍平均生长量方面，随着茎段处理长度的增大，枝稍生长量亦增大，20～2cm茎段是火龙果扦插的适宜长度；单独使用沼气渣和沼气渣与椰糠1∶1混合的基质有利于种苗根系发育和枝条生长，可以繁育出根系发达、枝条健壮的火龙果种苗。

关键词：大棚；扦插育苗；火龙果；基质

中图分类号：S668.9文献标识码：A文章编号：1003-4374（2017）02-0011-03

Abstract：【Objective】By contrast experiment of cutting with different stem section and different matrix，explores the effect of different length stem sections and different matrix on cutting of pitaya， so as to confirm the best cutting length and matrix suitable for pitaya seedlings breeding，providing technical support for excellent pitaya cutting seedling.【Method o compare treatment of different length stem sections and the effects of 6 different matrixes on pitaya seedlings growth by using strong and healthy pitaya branches of high quality， red pulp and high yield.【Results】Experiment of different length treatment for cutting stem sections show that：Different length of stem section of root number and root growth， cm below from 10 to 30 cm above， average root number and root length of each processing difference was not significant；In terms of branches slightly average growth， along with the rising of the length of stem section processing， branches slightly growth also increases， 20～2cm stem section is the suitable length of pitaya cutting；Alone the use of biogas residue and biogas residue with coconut chaff 1∶1 mixed matrix for seedling root growth and branches grow， can produce root developed， branches robust pitaya seedlings for 20～2cm stem section the average number of growing roots and average root length are 7. nos.and 9.9cm respectively；for>30cm stem section the maximum growing length of the shoot tip is up to 17.4cm.For stem section above 1cm， the shoot tips are more than 30 nos.， 100% shooting；for<10cm stem section the shooting is lowest in quantity.【Conclusion】Different length of stem section have little effects on root number and root growth， cm below from 10 to 30 cm above， no significant different for average root number and root length of each processing；In terms of branches average growth， along with the rising of the length of stem section processing， branches slightly growth increases， 20～2 cm stem section is the most suitable length of pitaya cutting；Alone the application the matrix of biogas residue with coconut chaff by 1∶1 mixed， it is good for seedling root growth and branches grow， nursing pitaya seedlings of strong root， robust branches.

Key words：Greenhouses；raising seedlings by cutting；pitaya；matrix

火龙果属仙人掌科（Cactaceae）三角柱属（ylocereua）的多年生攀缘性肉质植物，原产于中美洲热带地区。由于火龙果的果实中拥有大量功能性营养成分，尤其含有一般植物少有的植物性白蛋白、大量的花青素、丰富的维生素C和水溶性膳食纤维，其果实备受人们青睐，近年来已经成为包括钦州在内的南亚热带地区广泛栽培的一种新兴水果。钦州市自2000年开始种植火龙果，目前火龙果种植面积约3万亩，不少果园需要优质火龙果种苗进行更新换代，正处于优质火龙果种苗紧缺的阶段。为降低种植火龙果的准入门槛，解决种苗贵的问题，钦州市农科所开展了火龙果育苗的相关技术研究。目前生产上火龙果主要采用无性繁殖，其中扦插法为最常用的方法。前人已做了一些相关研究，包括药剂、基质、茎段长短、切割方式等。本……