施氮量对常规稻“桂香3号”干物质运转、分配和产量的影响
2018-02-11黎键湧陈雷
黎键湧+陈雷



摘要:【目的】探明不同施氮量对常规稻品种“桂香3号干物质生产及产量的影响,为优质常规稻高产高效生产提供科学依据。【方法】采用随机区组设计,三次重复,设个施氮水平,分别为0(N0)、120(N1)、10(N2)、180(N3)和210(N4)kg/hm2,对水稻的干物质量、产量及其构成进行分析。【结果】在0 N处理下水稻最终产量主要是由抽穗前的干物质向籽粒器官转运而形成,具有较高的茎叶转运率;而随施氮量的增加,产量形成主要靠抽穗后的干物质生产,茎叶转运率出现趋减现象;水稻产量随施氮量的增加出现先增后缓降的现象,而施氮量主要影响水稻的有效穗数和每穗粒数。【结论】本试验中,施氮量为10kg/hm2,基肥:蘖肥:穗肥比例为∶3∶2时,优质常规水稻品种可获得高产。
关键词:水稻;施氮量;干物质量;产量
中图分类号:S11文献标识码:A文章编号:1003-4374(2017)02-0007-04
Abstract:【Objective】In order to explore the effects of nitrogen application rate on dry matter production and yield of rice,provided the scientific basis for high yield and efficiency production of good quality conventional rice.【Method】Conducted field contrast test,applying the arrangement of randomized block with three repetition,five different nitrogen treatments 0(N0)、120(N1)、10(N2)、180(N3)和210(N4) kg/hm2), quality of rice dry matter, yield and components are analyzed.【Results】he results indicated that rice yield under the condition of zero nitrogen rate was formed mainly by the translocation of dry matter before heading stage;but with the increase of nitrogen rates, yield formation was mainly influenced by the dry matter production after heading, also with the decrease of the translocation efficiency of stem and leaves of rice.Within a certain nitrogen rate, rice yield increased with nitrogen rate and then decreased gradually, and the number of effective panicles and grain per panicle were mostly affected by the amount of nitrogen.【Conclusion】In this study, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 10 kg/hm2, with the proportions of nitrogen in base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and head dressing fertilizer were ∶3∶2, the high quality conventional rice varieties can obtain a high yield.
Key words: Rice; nitrogen rate; nitrogen use efficiency;yield
水稻是廣西最重要的粮食作物,近年种植面积稳定在213万hm2左右,总产量为110~120亿公斤,分别约占广西粮食播种面积和总产量的60%和80%。近年来,随着经济的快速发展、城镇化步伐的加快、种植业结构调整、自然灾害频发,水稻种植面积能够增加或保持稳定的压力越来越大。目前,广西水稻单产水平仍然不高[1]。据广西统计年鉴资料显示,近五年(2010-2014)水稻单产平均只有04.6kg/hm2,与全国水稻单产水平(6709.4kg/hm2)还有一定差距。因此,提高水稻实际单产水平对于提升广西水稻总体生产能力具有重要的意义。经调查研究,水稻单产水平较低与农户在实际生产中施肥不当有关,常采用“一炮轰的施肥方法,会使水稻前期群体生长过旺和无效分蘖增加,而在水稻生长后期常出现营养不足、早衰和最终稻谷产量较低的现象[2]。……
