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远隔缺血预处理对心肌缺血再灌注的研究现状

2018-01-24朱向平刘邕波

中外医疗 2018年30期

朱向平 刘邕波

[摘要] 远隔缺血预处理是一个较为新颖的概念,其主要是通过对器官或组织预先进行一段时间的缺血处理使其获得更长缺血时间的耐受能力,其为心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护提供了一个崭新的方向。目前很多研究认为远隔的缺血处理不仅对心肌具有保护作用,且对全身其他组织器官也具有保护作用,并且部分临床随机对照实验也证实了远隔缺血处理对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用的确切性。该文即对远隔缺血处理的概念、对心肌缺血再灌注的保护作用的可能机制以及其应用过程中的优劣势作一简要综述。

[关键词] 远隔缺血预处理;心肌缺血再灌注;研究现状

[中图分类号] R5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2018)10(c)-0193-03

[Abstract] Remote ischemic preconditioning is a relatively novel concept. It is mainly through the early ischemic treatment of organs or tissues to obtain tolerance to longer ischemic time. The protection of perfusion damage provides a new direction. At present, many studies believe that the remote ischemic treatment not only has a protective effect on the myocardium, but also has protective effects on other tissues and organs of the whole body, and some clinical randomized controlled trials have also confirmed the isolation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by remote ischemic treatment. The exactness of the protection. This article briefly describes the concept of remote ischemic treatment, the possible mechanism of protection against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, and the advantages and disadvantages of its application.

[Key words] Remote ischemic preconditioning; Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion; Research status

心肌缺血再灌注损伤(Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury,MIRI)多发生于心肌血供中断及恢复期内,但其主要损伤过程发生于恢复期即再灌注期,尤其是发生心肌梗死后[1-2]。机体本身对缺血具有一定的保护性作用,当心肌缺血发生时即开始启动,因此可以通过预先短暂的缺血-再灌注处理激发组织器官对缺血的耐受,此即缺血预处理[3]。早在上个世纪末期学者们即提出缺血预处理是目前内源性心肌保护措施中作用最强大的处理模式,但何时采取缺血处理措施使其在临床应用中大受限制[4]。因此人们不断探求更为理想的缺血处理保护心肌的方法,由此产生了远隔缺血预处理(Remote ischemic preconditioning,RIPC),本文即对远隔缺血处理的概念、对心肌缺血再灌注的保护作用的可能机制以及其应用过程中的优劣势作一综述。……

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