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寄主诱导的基因沉默在改良作物抗病虫性方面的应用

2018-01-09刘友梅薛敏峰史文琦黄薇袁斌

湖北农业科学 2017年23期

刘友梅+薛敏峰+史文琦+黄薇+袁斌

摘要:根据RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)原理,在生物体内表达双链RNA(dsRNA)可以高效沉默生物体内基因的表达。在寄主中形成病原真菌和昆虫特异基因的小RNA会进入其体内从而产生寄主诱导的基因沉默(Host-induced gene silencing,HIGS)。病虫害对全球粮食安全构成极大的威胁,利用HIGS技术为提高农作物抗病虫性提供了有效的途径。综述了HIGS技术在提高农作物抗病虫性中的应用,总结了沉默信号在寄主与病虫间的可能的传递方式以及提出该技术存在的优缺点。

关键词:RNA干扰(RNAi);基因沉默;农作物;病害;虫害

中图分类号:S332.2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)23-4454-03

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.23.006

The Application of Host-induced Gene Silencing in Improving the Resistance

of Crop to Disease and Insect

LIU You-mei,XUE Min-feng,SHI Wen-qi,HUANG Wei,YUAN Bin

(Institute of Plant Protection and Clay Fertilizer,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture. P. R. China/Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control,

Wuhan 430064, China)

Abstract: According to the principle of RNA interference(RNAi),the expression of double stranded RNA(dsRNA) in vivo can efficiently silence gene expression in organism. A small RNA that forms pathogenic fungi and insect specific genes in the host will enter its body and produce host-induced gene silencing(HIGS). Crop diseases and insect pests pose a great threat to global food security,and the use of HIGS technology provides an effective way to improve crop disease and insect resistance. This paper summarized the application of HIGS technology on improving crop disease resistance and insect pests,and the possible transfer mode of silent signal between host and insect pest,and put forward the advantages and disadvantages of this technology.

Key words: RNA interference(RNAi); host-induced gene silencing; crop; disease; pest

RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)是一种高度保守且普遍存在的基因表达调控方式。它是由一种由双链RNA(Double strand RNA)引起的基因沉默。RNA沉默不仅能够阻止外源核苷酸的入侵,而且调控生物体的发育进程[1,2]。简单的说,特异的dsRNA形成siRNA导致特定的mRNA降解,从而导致特定基因表达沉默。依据这个原理开发出了RNAi技术用于研究基因的功能。近年来,RNAi技术广泛应用于基因功能的研究,并且在多种农作物中用于提高作物对生物或非生物胁迫的抵抗能力[3]。研究表明,体外施加dsRNA也能够诱导生物体内目标基因产生基因沉默[4]。在寄主作物体内表达靶标生物特异基因的dsRNA则能够帮助寄主免受被捕食或侵染。这种在寄主细胞中表达害虫或病原菌基因dsRNA,以提高植物抗病虫性的生物技术被称之为寄主诱导基因沉默(Host-induced gene silencing,HIGS)。与化学防治相比,这种称为寄主诱导基因沉默的生物技術对靶标生物具有高度特异性。……

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