短距离游泳蹲踞式出发技术特征与专项训练
2018-01-08陆青叶强
陆青++叶强
摘 要:通过对游泳运动员不同蹲踞式出发技术进行诊断和分析,探讨短距离游泳运动员在蹲踞式出发技术中的技术特点,探索专项训练方法。数据分析表明:采用后倾式出发的后倾组运动员,后倾式技术动作比较符合其技术发挥,但在出发反应时上仍然需要提高,而采用前倾式出发技术的前倾组运动员,前倾式技术制约了其成绩及水平的提高。在整体力量水平相对低于欧美运动员的情况下,后倾式出发方式更适合中国游泳运动员,但是需注意出发起跳器上出发技术的运用。出发技术需要良好的专项能力,技术训练必须与专项结合,制订具有针对性的专项技术训练计划,经过3周的训练有助于取得良好的效果,运动员的自我感觉有助于动作技术发挥的稳定性。
关键词:短距离游泳;蹲踞式出发技术;身体姿势;出发起跳器
中图分类号:G 861.1 文章编号:1009-783X(2017)06-0549-05 文献标识码:A
Abstract: Through analyzing the swimmers starting with different crouch type techniques, this paper explores the crouch start technical characteristics and the special training methods of short distance swimmers. The results show that the tilting type of swimmers after tilting type technique compared with the technology, but still need to improve on the start reaction, and leaning forward type set technology restricts the achievement and the improvement of swimmer. The way backward type set out in the whole power under the condition of low level relative to Europe and the United States swimmer, more suitable for the Chinese swimmer, but need to pay attention to jump start on the use technology. Start needs good special ability, and the techniques must be combined with special training. With the design of targeted specialized technical training plan, swimmers feel that it is helpful to the stability of the techniques of movement after three weeks of training.
Keywords: short distance swimming; crouch start technology; body posture; starting dive apparatus
游泳出發是游泳比赛的开始,是游泳比赛取得先机、赢得比赛的重要因素。短距离游泳比赛,出发技术的好坏是决定胜负的重要因素。25 m距离的出发时间占比赛成绩的25%;50 m距离的出发时间占比赛成绩的20%;100 m距离的出发时间占比赛成绩的10%。蹬踞式出发作为短距离游泳比赛的重要出发技术,在自由泳和蝶泳项目中被普遍采用[1-2]。随着世界竞技游泳水平的不断提高和比赛竞争的日益激烈,高水平的选手之间差距经常在毫厘之间,因此,任何一个技术环节细微的改变或提高都将决定比赛名次的变化。……
