牛楠

摘 要 大学的职能之一是培养人才，大学教育能否实现的高质量人才培养的责任，或者能否不断的提高人才培养的质量是未知的。在“钱学森之问”一再被重提的新时代，如何提升大学培养质量便成为大学教育一项重要的任务。哈佛大学原校长德雷克·博克在大量实证研究的基础上，深入考察和探究了大学生质量与本科教育目标之间的关系，并且反思了大学教育目标的定位对大学人才培养质量的重要性。鉴于当下我国许多高校在人才培养目标上还存有含糊趋同、千校一面的状况，博克校长的研究给了我们以启示：提升大学教育培养质量，首先要定位好大学的教育目标。

关键词 大学 教育目标 人才培养质量

中图分类号：G640 文献标识码：A DOI：10.16400/j.cnki.kjdkx.2018.10.002

The Goal of University Education is the Starting Point

for Improving the Quality of Talent Training

NIU Nan

（Shandong Women's University， Jinan， Shandong 250300）

Abstract One of the functions of the university is to cultivate talents， whether the responsibility of high-quality personnel training can be achieved in university education， or whether the quality of personnel training can be continuously improved. In the new era of "Qian Xuesen's question" has been repeatedly mentioned， how to improve the quality of university training has become an important task of university education. On the basis of a large number of empirical studies， Harvard University's former president， Drake Bock， thoroughly investigated and explored the relationship between the quality of undergraduates and the undergraduate education goals， and reflected on the importance of the orientation of university education objectives to the quality of university personnel training. In view of the fact that many colleges and universities in China still have vague convergence and thousands of schools on the goal of talent training， the research of President Booke gives us the enlightenment： To improve the quality of university education， we must first locate the university's educational goals.

Keywords college； educational goals； quality of talent training

中國高等教育作为世界高等教育大众化进程中的后来者，其发展有“前车之鉴”和“榜样的力量”。德雷克·博克曾于1971-1991连续执哈佛大学牛耳20年，退休后他深刻反省美国近半个世纪高等教育之得失，回应美国社会对高等教育质量下降的批评，写出了《回归大学之道——对美国大学本科教育的反思与展望》。在实证研究大量积累的前提下，博克找到了“目标”这个打开大学本科培养质量的“撬棒”，并且是连结课程、教学与质量提升的桥梁。反观当下中国研究型大学的本科教育，目标定位与价值追求之失衡、目标来源与目标选择之偏颇，都不同程度地存在于大学本科教育实践之中。我们不得不思考：何谓大学教育“目标”？……