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当前大学毕业生失业现状及原因

2017-11-22郭万春郭文尧

科教导刊 2017年29期

郭万春 郭文尧

摘 要 当前我国大学毕业生失业已成普遍现象,且有逐年增加趋势。大学生毕业失业不仅包括学界普遍关注的结构性失业,而且包括自愿性失业、周期性失业和摩擦性失业等多种类型。本文从专业与课程设置相对经济发展严重滞后,教师素质偏低及对教学质量重视度下降,教学模式不合理导致教学质量的下降,大学毕业生总体供给过剩,劳动力市场的歧视性用工加剧了大学毕业生失业问题等五个方面,从更加全面的角度分析大学毕业生失业问题产生的原因。

关键词 大学毕业生 结构性失业 自愿性失业 周期性失业 摩擦性失业

中图分类号:F241 文献标识码:A DOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdkz.2017.10.081

The Current Situation and Causes of University Graduates' Unemployment

GUO Wanchun[1], GUO Wenyao[2]

([1]School of Continuing Education, Changchun Finance College, Changchun, Jilin 130028;

[2] School of Accounting, Changchun Finance College, Changchun, Jilin 130028)

Abstract At present, the unemployment of university graduates in China has become a common phenomenon, and there is an increasing trend year by year. Unemployment of college students not only covers structural unemployment, but also includes voluntary unemployment, cyclical unemployment and frictional unemployment. This paper from the professional and curriculum set relative to the economic development of a serious lag, the quality of teachers is low and the emphasis on the quality of teaching decreased, unreasonable teaching model led to the decline in the quality of teaching, the overall supply of university graduates surplus, the labor market discriminatory employment intensified Graduate unemployment and other aspects of the five aspects, from a more comprehensive perspective on the causes of unemployment caused by college graduates.

Keywords college graduates; structural unemployment; voluntary unemployment; cyclical unemployment; frictional unemployment

1 我国大学毕业生失业现状

当前,学界主要关注大学毕业生的结构性失业问题,即由于经济发展方式转变、产业结构升级与高校课程设置改革滞后所导致的结构性失业问题。但这只是我国大学毕业生失业类型的其中一種,单以此作为分析和解决问题的依据,很难从根本上解决大学毕业生的就业问题。因为当前我国的大学毕业生失业还存在周期性失业、自愿性失业和摩擦性失业,必须综合加以考虑,才有益于问题的解决。其中,周期性失业主要是由近些年国内外经济增长疲软导致的,也是因扩招而导致的大学毕业生失业问题逐渐积累并日益凸显的重要原因。自愿性失业则更多是受到毕业生就业心态的影响,即部分大学毕业生仅仅关注……

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