44—47号外显子缺失的杜氏肌营养不良1例并文献复习
2017-11-06段文娟鲁利群
段文娟+++++鲁利群
[摘要]杜氏肌营养不良(Duchenne型肌营养不良,DMD)是儿童常见的肌病,当其不以运动发育落后为该病的首要表现时易被忽视。基因缺失为DMD患儿确定的主要突变,占60%~65%。该疾病患儿走路为鸭型步态,由卧位到站立位时有一个特殊的过程,即“Gower征”。婴幼儿的“Gower征”容易被忽视,AST、CK升高缺乏特异性,因此对儿童不明原因肝功能及肌酶谱异常需提高警惕。早期基因检测是一种确诊Duchenne型肌营养不良的快速、有效的方法。明确相应基因位点的缺失可能对患儿的预后进行早期评估。
[关键词]Duchenne型肌营养不良;Gower征;基因检测;运动发育落后
[中图分类号] R722.17 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2017)09(c)-0127-03
[Abstract]Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common muscle disorder in children,when it is not in motion retardation for the first clinical symptom will be easily ignored.The majority of identified mutations are deletions,accounting for 60%-65% of DMD.It is called “Gower syndrome” that children walk like duck and have a special process when they are lying down to stand up.Infants with "Gower syndrome" will be easily ignored,the level of AST or CK rising is lack of specificity,therefore,in the case of elevated liver enzymes and muscle enzymes,we should pay more attention.The method of the genetic testing is rapid and effective in diagnosing DMD.Being confirmed of genetic loci may have contribute to an early assessment in the prognosis of children.
[Key words]Duchenne muscular dystrophy;Gower syndrome;Genetic testing;Motion retardation
杜氏肌营养不良(duchenne muscular dystrophy,DMD)是进行性肌营养不良症中最常见的一种类型,又称为Duchenne型肌营养不良,也是最严重的致死性遗传性肌病,约占63.4%,主要是男孩多见。主要靠临床症状、体征和血肌酸激酶(CK)增高、肌肉活检和基因测序诊断,但一经诊断已达中晚期。患儿最初的症状常常被忽视,随病程的进展,造成患儿特殊姿势与步态,站立时腰部过度前凸,骨盆及下肢呈摇摆状,似“鸭步”,蹲下后难以站起,患儿在仰卧位起立时表现出先翻身俯卧位,再双手撑地、臀部向上,扶膝、伸腰等特殊姿态,即“Gower征”。多数DMD患儿存在静止性智力发育障碍,言语能力也受到影响,智力落后呈非进行性,且与肌无力的严重程度不对称。DMD属于X连锁隐性遗传,常于4~5岁发病,通常20岁左右因呼吸、心力衰竭而死亡;其发病率约为1/3500活男婴[1],遗传咨询和围生期筛查将显著减少其发病率。……
