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促进青檀种子快速萌发方法的研究

2017-11-04王志李存华吕昆仑吴晓宇姜子颖黄俊敏

天津农业科学 2017年10期

王志++李存华++吕昆仑++吴晓宇++姜子颖++黄俊敏

摘 要: 为探究青檀种子的萌发特性和最适发芽条件,以山东泰安地区的青檀种子为材料,采用不同温度、不同土壤相对含水量、不同光照时间以及不同贮藏方法处理种子,觀察其种子的萌发情况。结果表明,低温沙藏处理是最适合青檀种子的贮藏方法,且贮藏90 d发芽率最优;恒温条件下,其在环境温度低于15 ℃下种子不易萌发,最适发芽环境温度为25~30 ℃;光照对青檀种子有抑制作用,其为嫌光种子;青檀种子发芽的最适土壤相对含水量在60%左右,且土壤相对含水量不得低于20%。

关键词:青檀;种子萌发;温度;光照;土壤相对含水量

中图分类号:S772.3 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2017.10.002

Study on Method of Promoting Pteroceltis tatarinowii Seeds Germination

WANG Zhi1, LI Cunhua1, LYU Kunlun2, WU Xiaoyu1, JIANG Ziying1, HUANG Junmin3

(1.College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; 2.Qingdao Garden Sanitation Technology School, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China; 3.Daminghu Landscape Engineering Company Limited, Ji'nan, Shandong 250000, China)

Abstract: To discuss the germination characteristics and optimum germination conditions of Pteroceltis tatarinowii seeds, this subject used Pteroceltis tatarinowii seeds from Shandong Tai'an as raw material to observe the seed germination by different temperature treatment, different soil relative water content, different periods of illumination and different storage methods. The result showed that low temperature storage treatment was the most suitable for the storage of Pteroceltis tatarinowii seeds and the best seed germination rate was 90 d. Under the condition of constant temperature, the seeds were not easy to germinate at temperature below 15 ℃, and the optimum germination environment temperature was 25~30 ℃. The illumination had an inhibitory effect on the seeds of Pteroceltis tatarinowii, whose seeds were seeds which did not like light. The optimum soil relative water content was about 60%, and the soil relative water content should not be less than 20%.

Key words: Pteroceltis tatarinowii; seed germination; temperature; illumination; soil relative water content

青檀(Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim.)属于榆科青檀属,为中国特有树种,被列入中国珍稀濒危植物名录。其树体高大,树冠开阔,有较高的观赏价值,是优良的园林绿化乡土树种,也可作石灰岩山地绿化造林树种。青檀不仅具有较高的绿化观赏价值,也具有相当高的经济价值与药用价值,其木材可作建筑、家具等用材;树皮纤维优良,是著名的宣纸原料[1]。

对于青檀种子的休眠机制和发芽条件的研究,前人已进行了诸多探讨。洑香香等[2]通过低温层积和变温层积以及剪破种皮等不同的种子处理方式得出,青檀种子的休眠是由非种皮限制所引起的,属于生理休眠,低温层积与变温层积均能打破青檀种子的深度休眠。张兴旺等[3]通过青檀种子浸提液对白菜籽发芽的影响试验得出,青檀种子本身含有发芽抑制物和存在生理后熟是引起休眠的主要原因。……

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