沈阳市于洪区流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征分析
2017-10-25张智杜彦克
张智 杜彦克



[摘要] 目的 分析沈阳市于洪区流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征,为有效控制流行性腮腺炎疫情提供科学依据。 方法 对2010年1月~2016年12月沈阳市于洪区疾病监测系统报告的流行性腮腺炎病例进行数据分析。 结果 2010~2016年于洪区共报告流行性腮腺炎1227例,年均报告发病率为47.20/10万,疫情呈逐年下降趋势,各年度报告发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);疫情有明显的季节性,为双峰分布,4~6月和11月~次年1月为高峰期;0~14岁病例占77.34%,发病以学生、幼托儿童和散居儿童为主,男性多于女性;流动人口较多的于洪街道、迎宾路街道和北陵街道是于洪区病例较多地区。 结论 针对重点人群和流行季节,加强疫情监测和预防控制工作;借鉴北京等城市的经验,建议腮腺炎疫苗的接种由1剂次增至2剂次,并在学龄前完成,以降低15岁以下人群流行性腮腺炎的高发。
[关键词] 流行性腮腺炎;流行病学;疾病监测;特征
[中图分类号] R512.1;R181.3 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)23-0105-04
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Yuhong district of Shenyang city, and to provide scientific basis for effective control of mumps epidemic. Methods Data analysis was carried out for the mumps cases reported in the disease monitoring system of Yuhong District of Shenyang from January 2010 to December 2016. Results A total of 1227 cases of mumps were reported in Yuhong District from 2010 to 2016, and the average annual reported incidence rate was 47.20/100,000. The incidence rate was gradually decreasing annually. The difference in the incidence rate of annual report was statistically significant(P<0.001); the epidemic was significantly seasonal, with bimodal distribution. The peak period was from April to June and November to January in the next year; the cases aged 0-14 years old accounted for 77.34%. The incidence was mainly among students, kindergarten children and scattered children, with males more than females; the communities with more floating population, such as Yuhong Community, Yingbin Road Community and Beiling Community, were the areas in Yuhong District with more cases. Conclusion Focusing on the key population and epidemic season, the epidemic monitoring and prevention and control work should be strengthened; on the basis of the experience of Beijing and other cities, it is recommended that the vaccination of mumps should increase from 1 dose to 2 doses, and should be completed before school age, so as to reduce the high prevalence of mumps in the population under the age of 15 years.
[Key words] Mumps; Epidemiology; Disease monitoring; Characteristics
流行性腮腺炎(腮腺炎)是兒童和青少年常见的急性呼吸道传染病,可引起脑膜炎、睾丸炎、卵巢炎、乳腺炎等合并症,传染性强。为预防控制疫情,很多发达国家都采用含腮腺炎疫苗的麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹三联疫苗(MMR疫苗)的免疫方案。虽然腮腺炎疫苗的免疫保护效果不及其余两种组分好,但规范的接种疫苗在控制疾病方面仍发挥了很好的作用[1]。截止到2016年12月沈阳市1.5~8岁儿童MMR疫苗覆盖率达95%以上,全市近年腮腺炎疫情呈显著下降趋势[2]。但是全市的腮腺炎疫情并不均衡,于洪区近年一直为全市发病率最高地区。为掌握沈阳市于洪区腮腺炎的流行特征,本文对2010年1月~2016年12月于洪区腮腺炎发病情况进行了分析,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 资料来源
腮腺炎疫情资料及人口资料来自2010年1月~2016年12月中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统。
1.2 研究方法
采用描述流行病学方法,分析腮腺炎病例的时间、地区和人群的三间分布特征,统计年度、地区、年龄分别发病率、发病数、构成比等指标。……
