胆总管结石微创外科治疗的现状与进展
2017-10-20张和钊徐钧底卫东
张和钊+徐钧+底卫东
[摘要] 胆总管结石多继发于胆囊结石,这在国内外临床上均较多见。近20年来,胆总管结石的治疗也从传统的开腹手术转变为腹腔镜下胆总管探查取石术,为患者的治疗提供了不同的选择,包括腹腔镜下胆总管探查术(LCBDE)、内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术等。要想减少患者术后并发症、改善预后,就必须合理地选择治疗方案,本文就胆总管结石的微创外科治疗作一综述。
[关键词] 胆总管结石;胆总管探查;腹腔镜手术;微创外科
[中图分类号] R657.4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)25-0165-04
Current status and progress of minimally invasive surgical treatment of choledocholithiasis
ZHANG Hezhao1 XU Jun2 DI Weidong2
1.Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China; 2.Department of General Surgery, the People Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
[Abstract] Choledocholithiasis is mostly secondary to gallstones, which are more commonly seen in clinical practice at home and abroad. In the recent 20 years, the treatment of choledocholithiasis has been switched from traditional open surgery into laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and lithotomy, which provide with different options for the treatment for patients, including laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, etc. To reduce the complications of patients after surgery to improve the prognosis, the treatment regimen should be rationally selected. This article reviews on the minimally invasive surgery of common bile duct stones.
[Key words] Choledocholithiasis; Common bile duct exploration; Laparoscopy; Minimally invasive surgery
膽道系统结石是临床上的一种常见疾病,在自然人群中,胆囊结石的发病率高达10%,其中又有10%~20%的胆囊结石患者合并有胆总管结石[1,2]。开腹胆总管探查术(open laparotomy common bile duct exploration,OCBD)一直以来都是治疗胆总管结石的标准术式。近20年来,随着微创技术的迅速发展,胆总管结石的微创外科治疗方案层见叠出,为减少患者并发症、改善预后、节约成本、获得最大疗效,我们应该积极地寻求胆总管结石的最佳治疗方案。现就胆总管结石的微创外科治疗方案进行对比并加以综述,旨在合理选择治疗方案。
1 内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)
首例ERCP于1968年在美国被 McCune完成。20世纪80、90年代,在ERCP技术出现早期,ERCP只被应用于诊断胆总管结石,用途虽局限,但其敏感性可达到75%~93%,特异性则为100%[3]。随着科技的进步,在磁共振胰胆管造影(magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography,MRCP)和超声内镜(endoscopic ultrasonography,EUS)技术发展的同时,也促进ERCP逐渐发挥其优势,使ERCP有效规避了手术的风险,进而由单纯的诊断性ERCP转型为治疗性ERCP。……
