刘细平， 刘章麒， 李亚， 凌涛， 任志斌

(江西理工大学 电气工程与自动化学院，江西 赣州 341000)

电动汽车用双层永磁体IPMSM优化分析

刘细平， 刘章麒， 李亚， 凌涛， 任志斌

(江西理工大学 电气工程与自动化学院，江西 赣州 341000)

提出一种电动汽车用双层永磁体内置式永磁同步电机(interior permanent magnet synchronous machine，IPMSM)，分析其基本电磁关系，进行优化分析。采用有限元分析软件建立电机结构模型，分析单边气隙长度不同时气隙磁密及谐波畸变率变化规律；研究了不同定子槽口宽度下电机齿槽转矩的变化趋势；通过改变第二层永磁体两侧隔磁桥间距Rib及第一层永磁体中间隔磁桥与转轴距离O2，获得电机输出转矩与转矩纹波的变化规律；分析双层永磁体尺寸变化时的电机效率，得到最优永磁体尺寸参数。样机试验表明：实测值与仿真值基本吻合，验证了样机设计的合理性。

电动汽车；双层永磁体；内置式永磁同步电机；优化分析；样机试验

Abstract:An interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) with double-layer permanent magnets (PMs) used in electric vehicles (EVs) is proposed, of which the basic electromagnetic relationship are analyzed, and an optimization analysis is conducted. The motor structure model was established by using finite element analysis software, the air-gap flux density and harmonic distortion rate changing rule were analyzed when unilateral air-gap is at different lengths.The variation tendency of cogging torque was investigated by the method of optimizing slot-opening width of the stator. The output torque and torque ripple are obtained by changingRib(the second layer on both sides of the PM separation bridge spacing interval) andO2(the first layer of PM bridge between the shaft). The efficiency was analyzed when changing the size of the double-layer PM,and the optimal size of PM parameters was obtained. The corresponding experimental results show that the measured and simulation values basically match, which verifies the rationality of the designed prototype machine.

Keywords:electric vehicles；double-layer permanent magnet；interior permanent magnet synchronous machine；optimization analysis；prototype testing

0 引 言

21世纪面临能源与环境双重压力，电动汽车以其节能、环保的双重优势，成为汽车工业的必然选择和重要发展方向[1-4]，发展电动汽车成为保障能源安全和实现低碳经济的重要途径之一。电机作为电动汽车的动力设备，其效率、成本、可靠性、耐用性、尺寸及噪声[5]等性能参数直接影响电动汽车的综合性能指标。

目前电动汽车驱动用电机主要包括：感应电机、直流电机、开关磁阻电机及永磁同步电机[3，6-7]。感应电机应用较为广泛，功率覆盖宽、工艺成熟、环境适应能力强、扭矩波动小、可靠性高，但存在控制系统复杂，效率和功率密度偏低等问题。……