神经危重症患者高钠血症相关危险因素及预后分析
2017-10-17刘晓霞庞泉征
陈 珍, 刘晓霞, 庞泉征, 孙 莉
神经危重症患者高钠血症相关危险因素及预后分析
陈 珍, 刘晓霞, 庞泉征, 孙 莉
目的分析神经内科重症监护病房(NICU)高钠血症的发生率、临床特点、危险因素及预后情况。方法选取2011年9月~2012年6月首次入住我院NICU的200例神经危重症患者,记录患者的一般资料(年龄、性别)、主要诊断、卒中史(脑梗死、脑出血)、高血压、糖尿病、高钠血症形成的相关危险因素及患者的预后等情况,根据患者血钠水平给予分组。结果高钠血症组病死率明显高于非高钠血症组,随着血钠浓度的升高,患者的死亡率逐渐升高;甘露醇的大量使用、机械通气、肾功能不全分别高钠血症形成的独立危险因素。结论高钠血症形成的相关危险因素为大量甘露醇的使用、机械通气和肾功能不全;高钠血症是影响神经危重症患者预后的独立危险因素。
神经危重症; 高钠血症; 危险因素; 预后
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence,clinical features,risk factors and prognosis of the patients with hypernatremia in the neurological intensive care unit(NICU).Methods200 cases in the NICU of The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University from September 1st,2011 to June 1st,2012 were recruited. They were divided into two groups (hypernatremia and non-hypernatremia). Recording the basic information (included the age,gender,history of stroke,hypertension,diabetes).ResultsHypernatremia mortality rate was significantly higher than the non-hypernatremia group. With the serum sodium concentration increased,the mortality rate of patients gradually increased. The use of large amounts of mannitol,mechanical ventilation and renal dysfunction were associated with hypernatremia(P<0.05).ConclusionThe use of large amounts of mannitol,mechanical ventilation and renal dysfunction are risk factors of the hypernatremia. Hhypernatremia is an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of nerve in critically ill patients.
Keywords: Ncritical patients with neurology disease; Hypernatremia; Risk factors; Prognosis
高钠血症是神经危重症患者较为常见的并发症,其发病率因患者群体、高钠血症诊断标准不同等因素的影响,使得各文献报道的关于住院患者高钠血症发生率有一定程度的差异,且相关文献报道有此并发症的患者病死率高达40%~75%[1,2]。多数研究[3~5]发现,高钠血症可延长患者住院时间,增加死亡率,是影响患者预后的独立危险因素,其临床表现主要为烦躁、易激怒、知觉减退、肌张力增高、抽搐和昏迷[6]。血钠水平及血钠升高的速度直接决定了高钠血症临床表现的严重程度及预……
