刘芝余，翟毓秀，姚琳，江艳华，李风铃,*，王联珠，尚德荣，杨元昊，郭萌萌，谭志军

1. 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所，农业部水产品质量安全检测与评价重点实验室，青岛 2660712. 南京农业大学无锡渔业学院，无锡2141823. 陕西省水产研究所，中国水产科学研究院黄河水产研究所，西安 710086

全氟辛酸(PFOA)对菲律宾蛤仔体内酶活性的影响

刘芝余1,2，翟毓秀1，姚琳1，江艳华1，李风铃1,*，王联珠1，尚德荣1，杨元昊3，郭萌萌1，谭志军1

1. 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所，农业部水产品质量安全检测与评价重点实验室，青岛 2660712. 南京农业大学无锡渔业学院，无锡2141823. 陕西省水产研究所，中国水产科学研究院黄河水产研究所，西安 710086

采用半静态毒性实验方法，将菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)分别暴露于0.2、2、20 μg·L-1的全氟辛酸(perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOA)中，在处理后第1、3、6、10、15、21天分别取样，测定整体组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)、7-乙氧基异吩噁唑酮脱乙基酶(EROD)活性和过氧化脂质(LPO)含量。酶活性分析结果显示：PFOA对菲律宾蛤仔组织SOD、CAT和POD活性均呈现先促进后抑制的作用；低浓度组SOD活性在暴露第1天达到最高，显著高于对照组(P < 0.01)；中高浓度组SOD活性在暴露第6天达到最低；暴露1～15 d，低浓度组CAT活性均显著高于对照组(P < 0.05)；高浓度组CAT活性在暴露第6天得到显著诱导，其余时间基本处于抑制状态；中浓度组POD活性在暴露第3天即达到最高，高浓度组POD活性基本一直处于抑制状态；随着PFOA暴露时间的延长，菲律宾蛤仔组织LPO含量呈现了先降低后升高的趋势；各浓度组中EROD的活力都显著被诱导(P < 0.01)，与处理浓度呈正相关；中高浓度组的GST活性在胁迫期间变化比较显著，呈现诱导-抑制的变化规律。研究表明，PFOA暴露能够引起菲律宾蛤仔组织抗氧化酶和生物转化酶的变化，可以与其他敏感性指标一起作为指示早期海洋PFOA污染的生物标志物。

PFOA；菲律宾蛤仔；毒性效应；抗氧化酶系；生物转化酶

Received13 January 2017accepted13 March 2017

Abstract: A semi-static toxicity experiment under laboratory conditions was carried out to study the effects of different concentrations (low, 0.2 μg·L-1; medium, 2 μg·L-1; and high, 20 μg·L-1) perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) on Ruditapes philippinarum. After exposure for 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21 days, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), 7-ethoxy-resorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) and lipid peroxide (LPO) content were measured. Under the effects of PFOA, the SOD, CAT, and POD activities decreased after an initial increase. After 1 day exposure to low concentration PFOA, the SOD activity reached the maximum, being significantly higher than the control (P < 0.01). The SOD activity in the medium and high concentration group reached the lowest at 6th day. After exposure to low concentration PFOA for 1-15 days, the CAT activity was significantly higher than the control. However, the CAT activity was basically inhibited when exposed to high concentration PFOA, except for being the highest on the 6th day. The POD activity in the medium concentration group reached the highest on the 3th day, and was basically inhibited in the high concentration group. As the extension of PFOA exposure time, the LPO content increased after an initial decrease. The EROD activity was significantly induced, and was positively correlated with the concentration of PFOA. The GST activity significantly changed when exposed to medium and high concentrations PFOA during the stress period, and changed by the rule of induction-inhibition. The results showed that PFOA exposure could trigger the changes of antioxidant enzymes and biotransformation enzymes in Ruditapes philippinarum, which could be considered as potential biomarkers to warning PFOA pollution in marine.

Keywords: PFOA; Ruditapes philippinarum; toxic effects; antioxidant enzymes; biotransformation enzymes

全氟辛酸(perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOA)是人工合成的化学品，具有独特的疏水疏油性，被广泛应用于航空科技、运输、电子行业，以及厨具等民生用品中[1-2]。目前，PFOA的生产和使用已经超过50年，环境中存在大量的PFOA残留。调查发现，PFOA在大气[3]、水体[4-5]、沉积物[6]、野生动物[7]和人体[8-10]中甚至偏远地区均可检测到。毒……