刘 昊，马庆国，张继勇，文 明,3，宋晓波，张俊佩，裴 东

(1.中国林业科学研究院林业研究所，国家林业局林木培育重点实验室，林木遗传育种国家重点实验室，北京 100091；2.凉山州林业局，四川 西昌 615000； 3.凉山州油橄榄示范繁育林场，四川 西昌 615000)

凉山州核桃坚果表型多样性研究

刘 昊1，马庆国1，张继勇2，文 明2,3，宋晓波1，张俊佩1，裴 东1

(1.中国林业科学研究院林业研究所，国家林业局林木培育重点实验室，林木遗传育种国家重点实验室，北京 100091；2.凉山州林业局，四川 西昌 615000； 3.凉山州油橄榄示范繁育林场，四川 西昌 615000)

核桃；表型多样性；凉山；居群

Abstract:[Objective]Using the nut ofJuglansregiaandJuglanssigillatain Liangshan of Sichuan as samples to study the phenotype abundance and variation characteristics for detecting resource and providing theory evidence in using resource reasonable.[Method]Taking 330 seedlings from 15J.regiaandJ.sigillatapopulations as research materials, the diversity and cluster analysis were studied using 18 nut phenotypic traits. [Result](1) The coefficient of variation of phenotypic traits in Liangshan walnut population originated from seedlings was between 8.46% and 59.47%, with an average of 35.26%. The nuts with very large (>20.0 g ) and very small (<5.0 g) single nut weight occupied a certain proportion. The phenotypic traits meet almost all the trait descriptions in the “Guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability-Juglans (JuglansL.)”. Three features in shape and one in skin color of kernels were added. The Simpson index of population genetic traits was 0.201-0.855, Shannon-Wiener index was between 0.649 and 2.873, indicating abundant variations in nut phenotypic diversity in this area. (2) The phenotypic differentiation of 18 phenotypic traits in populations was larger than that among populations in this area and the differentiation coefficients among populations was 6.03%, suggesting the phenotypic differentiation in populations was the main variation source. (3) UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the Manhattan distance of nut phenotypic traits were positively related to the geographic distance or climatic conditions. [Conclusion]The nut phenotype ofJ.regiaandJ.sigillatain Liangshan was abundant. It is the important area for distribution of diversity walnut resources in China.

Keywords: walnut(Juglansregia); phenotype diversity; liangshan; population

核桃(JuglansregiaL.)与泡核桃(J.sigillataDode)均属胡桃科(Juglandaceae)，核桃属(JuglansL.)，核桃组(SectionJuglans)，在我国四川省凉山彝族自治州均有栽培和分布[1]。凉山彝族自治州位于四川省西南部，该地区东接四川盆地，西跨横断山系，北抵川西高原，南临金沙江畔，处于青藏高原和云贵高原与四川盆地的过渡地带；由于独特的地质演化，形成以高山深谷为主，并有平坝、河谷和丘陵相间的特殊地貌，所以形成了最为显著的山地垂直地带性气候，加之是光热资源丰富的低纬度地区，是生物多样性极其丰富的地区[2-4]。凉山州的核桃和泡核桃资源存量丰富，区内德昌、会理、雷波、木里、冕宁、盐源等县是传统产地，并存在一定规模的天然居群和数量可观的实生类型群体[5-6]，是核桃和泡核桃宝贵的遗传资源和潜在的种质库。之前对凉山州核桃表型性状的研究较少，已有报道涉及的采样地或资源数量有限，未开展广泛调查及进一步对坚果性状的详细研究。近……