苏 上，倪建伟，许 可，耿涌杭，王 伟，许新桥*

(1.中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 国家林业局林木培育重点实验室，北京 100091；2.中国人民大学附属中学朝阳分校，北京 100029)

香椿成熟复叶饲用价值分析评价研究

苏 上1，倪建伟1，许 可2，耿涌杭1，王 伟1，许新桥1*

(1.中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 国家林业局林木培育重点实验室，北京 100091；2.中国人民大学附属中学朝阳分校，北京 100029)

香椿；成熟复叶；饲料；营养；潜力；评价

Abstract: [Objective]The present study intends to reveal and evaluate the feeding value and biomass of mature leaves ofToonasinensis(A. Juss.) Roem (TS) grown in the south and north of China, and help to lay a foundation for the construction of comprehensive feed industry of TS. [Method]The contents of rude protein, amino acids, minerals and other nutrients of the mature leaves of TS grown in China were analyzed, and their feeding value were confirmed by mutton-sheep breeding experiments. By analysis of biomass and cultivate-suit area of TS, the development potential of mature leaves of TS as feedstuff were discussed. [Result]The mature leaves of TS were equipped with high content of crude protein (16.25%-17.78%) and low content of crude fat (3.10%-5.45%), and contained 17 kinds of amino acids, with the essential amino acids accounted for 33.12%-34.60%. In addition, the mature leaves of TS were also rich in potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc and other mineral elements. Sheep in breeding experiments appeared to favor the mature leaves of TS, and no adverse phenomenon, neither diarrhea nor convulsions, happened. The nutritional value of mature leaves of TS were higher than conventional consumed grains, and were comparable toMedicagosativa. [Conclusion]Mature leaves of TS are high in crude protein, low in crude fat, and do have the potential to be protein feed. The region along the Yellow River and the Yangtze River of China are pointed to be the suit development area for feed-used/buds-feed-used TS.

Keywords:Toonasinensis; mature leaves; feed; nutrition; potential; evaluation

香椿(Toonasinensis(A.Juss.) Roem)是楝科(Meliaceae)香椿属(Toona)多年生落叶乔木，是我国具有悠久菜用、材用、绿化用及药用历史的珍贵速生树种[1]。香椿嫩芽因其浓郁的香味及特殊的口感，备受人们喜爱，是我国民众传统喜食的特色名贵“木本蔬菜”。目前，香椿的相关研究多是集中在种苗繁育及其嫩芽和种子的加工利用上，而大量的香椿成熟复叶尚未得到开发和利用。我国河南、山东、陕西、安徽、浙江、四川、福建、云南及广西等多个省市均已大力发展香椿产业，但主要经营鲜食香椿芽及其相关加工品。据不完全统计，截止2010年，仅广西一省的香椿种植面积就已超1.5万hm2，其菜用香椿嫩芽的单株年产量(3—9月，每月采收1次)约为216 g[2]。作为菜用种植的香椿，经适量抹芽、摘心后，存芽长成的成熟复叶产量仍很可观，但其尚未得到开发利用，仍处于资源浪费阶段。资料显示，在我国山东及印度的部分区域，当地少数居民曾将香椿叶混入饲料，饲喂家禽/畜[1]。本研究对我国南、北方种植的香椿成熟复叶的营养成分组成及其生物量进行了分析，并开展了肉羊饲喂实验，探讨了香椿成熟复叶的饲用价值及其开发潜力，为香椿产业拓展及其产业链的延伸提供依据。……