肖艳春，黄婧，陈彪

（福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所，福建 福州 350003）

铅离子印迹膜滤除沼液中Pb(Ⅱ)的工艺优化研究

肖艳春，黄婧，陈彪*

（福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所，福建 福州 350003）

本文应用铅离子印迹膜和设计的滤除装置，对沼液Pb(II)进行滤除实验。研究了渗析时间（t）、跨膜压差（ΔP）、搅拌速率（ω）三因素对铅离子通量和去除率的影响，并应用L9(33)正交试验设计，对滤除工艺参数进行优化，并与吸附剂吸附法进行比较。结果表明，三因素对沼液中Pb(II)去除率的影响顺序为：搅拌速率＞跨膜压差＞渗析时间。该装置的最佳滤除工艺参数为：搅拌速率=70 r/min、ΔP=0.20 MPa、t=50 min，此时沼液中Pb(II)去除率达99%，处理后沼液中Pb(II)为0.007 mg/L。耦合化学清洗+超声清洗污染后的铅离子印迹膜，铅离子通量基本恢复到新膜的通量（平均恢复率达98%），提升了铅离子印迹膜再生利用水平。该滤除工艺克服了吸附剂吸附法的不足，为沼液安全肥用提供一种新工艺和新技术。

沼液；铅离子印迹膜；重金属铅；工艺优化；正交实验

Abstract：The aim of this study was to filter Pb(II) from biogas slurry using lead ion imprinted membrane and filter device. The Pb(II) removal rate and flux dialysis time, trans-membrane pressure, and stirring speed were investigated.Working process was optimized by L9 (33) orthogonal experimental design. Compared with batch adsorption method,the three factors of Pb(II) removal rate in biogas slurry followed in the order of stirring rate > trans-membrane pressure> dialysis time. The optimal working process parameters of the device were dialysis time of 50 min, transmembrane pressure of 0.20 MPa, and stirring rate of 70 r/min. Lead ion removal rate was 99% and concentration of Pb(II) in biogas slurry after treatment was 0.007 mg/L under the optimum conditions. When the polluted Pb(II) ion imprinted membrane was cleaned by chemical and ultrasonic cleanings, the average Pb(II) flux was recovered in new membrane at a rate of 98% and it reached regeneration utilization level of the Pb(II) membrane. Insufficiency of the batch adsorption method could be overcome by membrane separation, which provided a new process and biogas safety technology.

Key words：biogas slurry; lead ion imprinted membrane; lead; process optimization; orthogonal experiment

在规模化、集约化畜禽养殖过程中，在经济利益的驱使下，饲料中普遍添加了含有重金属的添加剂，畜禽对重金属的利用率极低，绝大部分残留于畜禽粪便[1]。猪场粪污送入沼气池进行厌氧发酵，参与发酵的部分生物菌会通过水源吸附Pb(Ⅱ)等重金属离子，进而在发酵体系中富集Pb(Ⅱ)[2]。《无公害食品蔬菜产地环境条件》(NY 5010-2002)中明确规定灌溉水质量要求为总铅含量≤0.05 mg/L。靳红梅等[3]指出猪粪厌氧后排放的沼液中总铅含量≥3.84 mg/L。段然……